* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Cells Content Review
Survey
Document related concepts
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle wikipedia , lookup
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Cytoplasmic streaming wikipedia , lookup
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
Cell nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Cell membrane wikipedia , lookup
Programmed cell death wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Cytokinesis wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
GATEWAY Biology Content Review Characteristics of Living Things Reproduce Grow Develop Need food/require energy Made of cells Respond to their environment Adapt to their environment Cells and Heredity Cell Theory All living things are made of cells. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function. All cells come from preexisting cells. Organelles and Cell Parts Cell Membrane (Plasma membrane) – Surrounds cell – Selective barrier – Controls what substances enter and exit the cell Organelles and Cell Parts Cytoplasm – Jelly-like material that fills the cell – Molecular “soup” holds all organelles Organelles and Cell Parts Ribosomes: – Site of protein synthesis (where proteins are made) Organelles and Cell Parts Golgi Apparatus – Prepares proteins that will leave the animal cell or be placed in the plasma membrane – “Post Office” of the cell Organelles and Cell Parts Mitochondria – Powerhouse of the cell – Site of cellular respiration which produces ATP from sugars (glucose) Organelles and Cell Parts Lysosome – Digest macromolecules – Single celled organisms—eating, digest food – Digest/recycle old organelles; “stomach of the cell” – Immune system Organelles and Cell Parts Centrosome – Produces microtubules during cell division. Microtubules control the movement of chromosomes. Organelles and Cell Parts Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum – Transport of materials such as proteins – Ribosomes attached – Production of proteins occurs on ribosomes Organelles and Cell Parts Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum – Transport of materials such as proteins – No ribosomes attached – Production of lipids Organelles and Cell Parts Nucleus – Stores/protects DNA – “Brain” of the cell Organelles and Cell Parts Nuclear Envelope (Membrane) – Membrane that surrounds the nucleus Organelles and Cell Parts Nucleolus – Found in the nucleus – Produces ribosomal RNA (rRNA) which forms ribosomes Organelles and Cell Parts DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid – Contains genes/hereditary information – Determines structure of proteins Organelles and Cell Parts Chloroplast – Site of photosynthesis, which stores the sun’s energy in sugars (glucose) – Found in plants Organelles and Cell Parts Vacuole – Storage – Waste, nutrients, water, ions Organelles and Cell Parts Cell Wall – Supports and protects plant cells, bacteria, fungi, some protists – Allows cell to exist in hypotonic environment Organelles and Cell Parts Cilia and Flagella – Movement (locomotion) Organelles and Cell Parts Microfilaments and Microtubules – Structural components, “skeleton” of the cell Cellular Classification Unicellular Organisms – – Single celled Bacteria, archaea, some protists (euglena, paramecium, amoeba) Multicellular Organisms – More than one cell – Plants, animals, fungi, some protists Cellular Classification Eukaryote – – – – – Nucleus present Linear DNA Single or multi-celled Membrane bound organelles Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protists Prokaryote – No nucleus – Circular DNA – No membrane bound organelles – Single celled – “Primitive” – Bacteria, Archaea Cellular Classification Plant – – – – Animal Eukaryotic Cell wall (cellulose) Vacuole, chloroplast No lysosome, no centrioles – Eukaryotic – Lysosomes, centrioles – No cell wall, no vacuole, no chloroplast Cells Eukaryote Fungi Plant Animal Prokaryote Protists Bacteria Archaea Practice Which of the kingdoms contain only multicellular organisms? – Plant, Animal Which of the kingdoms contain only single-celled organisms? – Bacteria, Archaea Which of the kingdoms contain both single-celled and multicellular organisms? – Fungi, Protist Archaea Practice: Decide whether each of the following is unicellular or multicellular, prokaryotic or eukaryotic; and state the kingdom to which belongs. Human – M/E/Animal Cat – M/E/Animal Bacteria – U/P/Bacteria Oak Tree – M/E/Plant Goldfish – M/E/Animal Practice: Decide whether each of the following is unicellular or multicellular, prokaryotic or eukaryotic; and state the kingdom to which belongs. Euglena – U/E/Protist Mushroom – M/E/Fungi Fly – M/E/Animal Snake – M/E/Animal Paramecium – U/E/Protist Practice: Decide whether each of the following is unicellular or multicellular, prokaryotic or eukaryotic; and state the kingdom to which belongs. Daffodil – M/E/Plant Cyanobacteria – U/E/Protist Virus – None Kelp – M/E/Protist ARE VIRUSES ALIVE? Not considered alive by many biologists: Not cells Not able to reproduce independently (use host cell) Do infect living cells Can make copies of themselves Made of core of DNA or RNA surrounded by protein coat HIV Virus: