Download Class 3

CELLS AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
“I CAN’T IMAGINE A PERSON BECOMING A SUCCESS
WHO DOESN’T GIVE THIS GAME OF LIFE EVERYTHING
HE’S GOT.” WALTER KRONKITE
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PLASMA MEMBRANE
NUCLEUS
CYTOPLASM
SURFACE ORGANELLES
CELLULAR DIVERSITY
CELL STRUCTURE – SEE TABLE 3-1
PAGE 38 MEMMLER
NUCLEIC ACIDS – DNA, RNA
 DNA – CHROMOSOMES IN THE NUCLEUS
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ADENINE (A)
THYMINE (T)
GUANINE (G)
CYTOSINE (C)
DOUBLE HELIX W/ H+ BONDS
RNA – IN CYTOPLASM (Mrna, Rrna, Trna)
◦ ADENINE, GUANINE, CYTOSINE
◦ THYMINE IS REPLACED BY URACIL (U)
◦ SINGLE STRAND
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
EVERYBODY UP!!!!
 WE ARE GOING TO BUILD A STRAND OF
PROTEIN
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Build a protein strand
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MITOSIS VS MEIOSIS
INTERPHASE
PROPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE
TELEPHASE
ROLE OF THE CENTROMERES
CELL DIVISION
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PASSIVE MOVEMENT
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SIMPLE DIFFUSION
OSMOSIS
FILTRATION
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
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NEED PROTEIN ‘GATE KEEPERS’
SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY
ENDOCYTOSIS – PHAGOCYTOSIS & PINOCYTOSIS
EXOCYTOSIS
MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES
SEE TABLE 3-4 PAGE 49
ISOTONIC – SAME SOLUTE
CONCENTRATION AS OUR BODY
(0.9% NS)
 HYPOTONIC – LESS SOLUTE IN SOLUTION
THAN OUR BODY; FREES UP WATER TO
GO TO CELL; TOO MUCH = HEMOLYSIS
(0.45% NaCl)
 HYPERTONIC – MORE SOLUTE THAN OUR
BODY; PULLS WATER TOWARD IT; TOO
MUCH DEHYDRATED CELL = CRENATION
(3% NaCl)
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TONICITY
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Golgi apparatus – the “UPS” of the cell;
packages the items for transport in and
out of the cell
Mitochondria – the “Mighty” power house
that makes energy (ATP) from the glucose
Lysomes – clean up the cell waste
(garbage men); think Lysol
Centrioles – necessary for reproduction
Peroxisomes – Clean up hazardous
material (HAZ MAT team)
ORGANELLES
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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum – makes
and packages fats
Rough endoplasmic reticulum – makes
proteins
Ribosomes – make proteins
Vacuoles – empty cargo containers
Vesicles – carrier of solutes within the
cell; could be storage or for movement to
cell side for exocytosis
ORGANELLES – CONT’D
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LIMITED NUMBER OF CELL DIVISIONS
MUTATIONS CAN OCCUR DURING
DIVISION
THESE MUTATIONS MAY CAUSE A CELL TO
DIVIDE FOREVER
RISK FACTORS:
HEREDITY (BRACA1) , CHEMICAL EXPOSURE,
IONIZING RADIATION (XRAYS, SUN), PHYSICAL
IRRITATION, DIET, VIRUSES (HPV)
CELL AGING AND CANCER RISKS
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CYT/OMICR/OBI-SOME, SOM/ACHROM/OEND/OLYS/OINTER-
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
CYT/O MICR/O BI -SOME, SOM/A CHROM/O END/O LYS/O INTER PRO META
ANA TEL/E SEMI PHAG/O PIN/O EX/O ISO HYPO HYPER CARCIN/O -GEN
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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY