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THE CELL
As you might imagine the cell is a
relatively recent discovery. This is
due to the fact that you need special
tools in order to see them. Robert
Hooke (1635-1702) is given credit
for coining the term "cell", as he
tried to describe what he saw in a
cross section of cork. Natural cork
comes from a tree, therefore what
Hooke was actually looking at was
plant cells.
"Cella" is a latin word meaning "a small room".
Hooke believed that the cells that he saw
resembled the small simple rooms that the monks
used to sleep in, and so named them cells.
CELL THEORY
According to the cell theory , proposed over
150 years ago:
*
All living things are composed of
cells
*
All cells come from pre-existing cells
*
Cells are the smallest units of life
Most cells are very, very small, so tiny that they can only be
seen with the aid of a microscope. Your body is composed of
billions of cells! Within your body, cells have different
functions. We have blood cells, skin cells, brain cells... and
many more. Despite their differences, cells in living organisms
for the most part have similar structures and functions.
The human body has roughly 85 completely different types of
cells.
Cells occur in an infinite variety of sizes, shapes, colours.
There is no such thing as a "typical cell" But if we did have one
it would be 20um in diameter, and have a nucleus. It would also
have a cell membrane that surrounds it from it's environment,
and would contain many tiny structures that might be thought
of as mini organisms called organelles.
There are two basic types of cells: Plant Cells and
Animal Cells
There are many structures within the cell, these are
known as organelles.
Organelles: Membrane bounded structures that
perform a series of specialized tasks.
ORGANELLES
Nucleus: Main repository of genetic information.
Controls the activities of the cell. It is like the central
command.
Ribosomes: Ribosomes make protein for the cell and
cellular functions.
Vacuoles: Vacuoles are simple organelles consisting of a
large membrane sac. It can enclose many different
substances from food particles to waste products. The
Vacuole is very important to plant cells.
Mitochondria: Mitochondria produce the energy the cell
requires to carry out its processes. The mitochondria are the
power houses of the cell.
Chloroplasts: Chloroplasts are the organelles
that are responsible for carrying out
photosynthesis. They are the power houses of
plant cells.
Cell Wall: Plants produce tough rigid cell walls
that surround their cell membrane. They are
tough enough to withstand tremendous pressure.
Cell Membrane: The Cell membrane is one of the most important
structures in the cell. It divided the cell into many compartments
and separated the cell from the environment. (Skin).
Surrounds the cell
Surrounds the cell
Center of the Cell
Throughout Cell
Inside the Cell
Inside the Cell
Inside the Cell
Maintains
Structure
Maintains
Pressure
Controls what moves in and
out
Controls the activities
and functions of the
cell
Holds organelles in
place
Carries out
Photosynthesis
Power house of plant
cells
Maintains structureof the
cell
Transports and stores materials for the
cell
Inside the Cell
Modification of
proteins
Inside the Cell
Food digestion for the
cell
Inside the Cell
Power house of animal
cells
Inside the Cell
Makes proteins for the
cell
Maintains
pressure
Stores
materials (food and
Inside the Cell
Inside the Nucleus
wastes)
Holds genetic
information
Inside the Cell
Aids in cell
division
WEBSITES
www.cellsalive.com/cells/plntcell.htm
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/Cell.html
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/
PlantCell.html
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/
AnimalCells.html
http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/animcell.htm
http://www.rkm.com.au/CELL/a
nimalcell.html