Download Unit A Chapter 1 Lesson 1

How Plant and Animal Cells Differ
Pgs. A6-A11
WHAT TYPE OF THINGS
HAVE CELLS IN THEM?
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Every living thing on this planet is
made of cells.
You have hundreds of trillions of cells
in you .
People did not know about cells until
the invention of the microscope over
350 years ago.
In 1665 Robert Hooke looked at slices
of cork under a microscope. He was
one of the first humans to observe
cells. The tiny blocks he saw reminded
him of the small rooms in a monastery.
Because of that he named them “cells.”
Can you think of a place that has very
small, box-like rooms that has
something to do with cells?
ROBERT HOOKE SHOWING THAT
REAL MEN WEAR SHIRTS WITH
RUFFLES.
The Cell Theory is
broken into three
main parts
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3.
Cells are the basic
building blocks of all
living things.
All life activities take
place in cells. Each
cell carries out the
activities they were
designed for.
New cells are produced
by existing cells.
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Cell Membrane This thin membrane holds cell material
inside and controls what enters and leaves the cell.
Cell Wall (Plant Only) This stiff outer layer protects plant
cells and gives it shape. It remains long after the cell dies.
This is what Hooke saw in the microscope.
Cytoplasm A clear, jellylike substance that fills the cells.
The cells organelles float in it. Organelles are tiny structures
that carry out cell activity.
Mitochondria These bean shaped organelles release the
energy stored in sugars to help power cell activities. You
have several hundred mitochondria in each cell in your
body.
Ribosomes These organelles can be found floating freely in
the cytoplasm. They are responsible for making proteins
that your cells and body use. Somewhat mitten shaped.
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Golgi Apparatus This is the “delivery center” of the cell. It takes
proteins made from the ribosomes and modifying them, making
them stronger. It then packages the proteins and sends them to
the rest of the cell and outside as well. It resembles a stack of
deflated balloons.
Chloroplast (Plant Only) The chloroplast in plant cells allow
plants to make their own food. This process is called
photosynthesis.
Vacuole This is a storage space inside of cells. Food, water, and
waste are stored here. Think of the plastic tubs you might use to
store things in.
Nucleus This is the control center of the cell and directs all of the
cell’s activities. It contains the chromosomes inside of it.
Chromosome These contain the information (DNA) that
determines the characteristics of the organism.
Nuclear Membrane This membrane surrounds the nucleus and
holds it together.
Animal and Plant Cells Game