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Transcript
CELL THEORY CELL SIZE 1. All living things are made of _____________. 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in an organism (= basic unit of __________) 3. New cells are produced from _________________ cells ___________ cells > _________ cells > _____________ CELL MEMBRANE (PLASMA MEMBRANE) Made mainly of ____________________ and _________________ HYDROPHOBIC “tails” of phospholipids make molecules line up as LIPID ________________ with POLAR heads facing _______ & NON-POLAR tails facing ________ MEMBRANE PROTEINS •____________________- stick on inside or outside surface •____________________- go part way or all the way through • _________________ - recognize “self” • _______________ PROTEINS- move molecules across membrane FUNCTION: Membranes are _________________________________ (=Semi-permeable) Allow certain molecules to pass through; but keep others out ___________ what enters & leaves cell Helps with _________________ __________________ = gel-like material + organelles between nucleus and cell membrane NUCLEUS NUCLEOLUS Surrounded by _____________ MEMBRANE called the NUCLEAR __________________ ___________ CENTER OF CELL Nuclear ___________ allow molecules in & out CONTAINS CELL’S GENETIC MATERIAL (_______) Dark spot = NUCLEOLUS makes ___________________ (RNA) DNA is scrunched up as ______________ in dividing cells. DNA is spread out as ________________ in non-dividing cells. CYTOSKELETON Made of PROTEINS called ______________ & _________________ FUNCTION: _________________________ ___________________________________ CENTRIOLES Made of __________________________ Only seen in _______________ cells during cell division Function:__________________________________ MITOCHONDRION (pl. MITOCHONDRIA) Surrounded by _____________ membrane Contains its own ___________ _______________ of cell Burns ____________ Stores energy released as ______ Folded inner membrane = _________________ (increases surface area for more chemical reactions) RIBOSOMES Can be __________________ or __________ to Rough ER MADE OF ______________ & ________ FUNCTION: _____________________ ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Internal Network of ___________________ Rough ER: Attached ribosomes make _________________ which are modified and transported to Golgi SMOOTH ER for export ROUGH ER (with ribosomes) (no ribosomes) Smooth ER: Makes membrane lipids (__________________) Regulates ________________ in muscles Breaks down _________________ in liver GOLGI APPARATUS (BODY) Looks like a “______________________” Made of ______________________ FUNCTION: Modify, sort, & package substances from ER for ______________ or _______________ out of cell CILIA & FLAGELLA Made of PROTEINS called _______________ organized in a _________ arrangement that help with ___________________ CILIA =________ & __________ FUNCTION: ______________________ ________________________________ FLAGELLA =______ & ________ FUNCTION: _________________ CELL WALL Found OUTSIDE the ____________________ Provides ____________ & ________________ ___________________ makes plant cells sturdy Bacteria have cell walls made of _______________ VACUOLES Storage space for: _______________ Huge in __________cells , small in _____________ cells, Not in _________________ CHLOROPLAST Surrounded by ____________ membrane Has own ________ _____________ = membrane sacs inside Contain CHLOROPHYLL where _______________________ happens FOUND ONLY IN _____________ CELLS DIFFERENCES IN ANIMAL CELLS, PLANT CELLS, AND BACTERIA ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL BACTERIA Eukaryotes Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Cell membrane Cell membrane Cell membrane Nuclear membrane Nuclear membrane NO cell wall Cell wall made of CELLULOSE Cell wall made of PEPTIDOGLYCAN Has ribosomes Has ribosomes Has ribosomes DNA in multiple chromosomes DNA in multiple chromosomes DNA is a single circular ring CYTOSKELETON CYTOSKELETON CYTOSKELETON Small vacuoles Really big vacuole NO vacuoles Has lysosomes Has lysosomes NO lysosomes Has centrioles NO centrioles NO centrioles NO chloroplasts Chloroplasts NO chloroplasts SMALLER SMALL SMALLEST NO nuclear membrane
