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Transcript
Organelles: Structure & Function Organelles: Structure & Function Cell/Plasma Membrane Function: Controls what enters & exits the cell. Structure: Phospholipid bilayer Nucleus Function: Controls everything in the cell Structure: Contains DNA/chromosomes Enclosed by a porous double membrane called the nuclear membrane. Nucleolus Function: Takes RNA and makes ribosomes Structure: Dense region inside the nucleus Ribosomes Function: Links together amino acids to make proteins (that means enzymes too!) Structure: Tiny organelles made of proteins & RNA. Found on Rough ER Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Function: Transport, "intracellular highway“. Site of protein synthesis; makes more ER Structure: Thin folded membranes that are connected together. HAS ribosomes Vesicle Membrane-bound containers that carry substances throughout the cell Golgi Apparatus/Body/Complex Function: Checks, modifies & packages proteins Structure: Closely layered stacks of membrane enclosed discs Lysosome Function: Breaks down food, waste & damaged cell parts all within the cell Structure: Contains enzymes; membrane bound Peroxisome Function: Protects cell from toxins, especially H2O2. Structure: Contains enzymes; membrane bound Vacuole Function: stores materials for cell Structure: fluid filled sacs; small in animal cells; large in plant cells Plastids Function: Storage sacs in plant cells only! Structure: 3 different types Plastids 1.Leucoplast – stores starch in roots & stems 2.Chromoplast – stores the orange/yellow pigment 3.Chloroplast- stores the green pigment/ site of photosynthesis Chloroplast Function: Uses sunlight to create food, photosynthesis (only found in green plants & algae) Structure: 3 membranes; bean shaped; contains chlorophyll (green pigment) Mitochondria Function: Supplies energy to the cell; site of cellular respiration; ‘powerhouse’ of cell Structure: Bean shaped; 2 membranes; has own DNA & ribosomes Chloroplast & Mitochondria Both have: more than 1 membrane ‘Powerhouse’ of their cells Contain their own DNA Reproduce independently of the cell Were they once free-living prokaryotic cells?! Cytoplasm/Cytosol Function: Hold organelles in place & site for chemical reactions Structure: Jelly – like substance between the area of the nucleus & cell membrane Cytoskeleton Function: Supports & shapes the cell Structure: A network of protein filaments (microtubules, microfilaments) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Function: Transport, "intracellular highway“. Also makes lipids; breaks down toxins such as drugs/alcohol Structure: Thin folded membranes that are connected together. No ribosomes Centrosome/Centrioles Function: Helps the cell divide Structure: Small region of cytoplasm, made up of microtubules; pair of centrioles Flagellum (flagella = plural) Tail used for movement Cilium (cilia = plural) Tiny hair-like projections on cell exterior used For movement and gathering food