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Cells are the basic
unit of structure
and function in all
living things.
How small
are cells?
Some Random Cell Facts
• The average human being is composed of
around 100 Trillion individual cells!!!
• It would take as many as 50 cells to
cover the area of a dot on the letter “i”
WOW!!!
What are
“Organelles”
?
Organelles of the Animal Cell
• Ribosomes
• Chromosomes
• Nucleus
• Vacuole
• Cytoplasm
• Cell Membrane
• Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Mitochondria
• Lysosome
• Golgi apparatus
All Cells
•Have organelles
•Cell Membrane
•Cytoplasm
•DNA
CELL MEMBRANEIN PLANT CELLS- found just inside the
cell wall.
IN ANIMAL CELLS – It is the outer
covering of the cell.
It has tiny openings or pores that control the
movement in and out of the cell.
It is selectively permeable.
Cytoplasm
• Region between the nucleus and cell
membrane
– Clear, thick jelly-like substance
– Constantly moving
– Contains many important organelles
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
•Found in all cells
•Carries genetic(hereditary)
information
•Controls activities of the cell
•Usually found in nucleus
Plant and
Animal Cells
Jane Horstmann
Plant or animal cell?
How can you tell?
This is an animal cell because _______________.
More pictures of cells
Two Kinds of Cells
• Prokaryotic: without a
nucleus
• Eukaryotic: with a
nucleus
Prokaryotes
•Single cell, without a
nucleus or membrane
bound organelles
•Most common -
Bacteria
Eukaryotic
• All protists are eukaryotes most
are unicellular
• Multicellular – many cells
• Can see with your eye
• Animals, Plants
• Fungi – mushrooms and yeast
Cell Structures,
Functions and
Transport
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Go to
Section:
Cell Membrane
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
1. Nucleus
– Nickname: “The Control
Center”
– Function: holds the DNA
– Parts: Nucleolus: dark spot in
the middle of the nucleus that
helps make ribosomes
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Go to
Section:
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
2. Ribosomes
–
Function: makes proteins
•
•
•
–
–
Grain like
Made by the nucleolus
Made of RNA (ribonucleic acid)
– RNA –directs the production of protiens. This
is controlled by DNA
Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Location: endoplasmic reticulum or
cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
– Nickname: “Roads”
– Function: Transport system that
carries proteins throughout the cell.
• tubular
• leading out from the nuclear
membrane throughout the cell.
• May go out to the cell membrane
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Go to
Section:
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum
DELIVERY SYSTEM OF THE CELL
2 Types:
1.Rough ER:
–Rough appearance because it has
ribosomes
–Function: helps make proteins,
that’s why it has ribosomes
2.Smooth ER:
–NO ribosomes
–Function: makes fats or lipids
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Complex
Go to
Section:
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
4. Golgi Complex
– Nickname: The shippers
– Function: packages, modifies, and
transports materials to different location
inside/outside of the cell
– Appearance: stack of pancakes
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Go to
Section:
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
5. Lysosomes: small and circular, but bigger
than ribosomes
– Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”
– Function: to break down food into
particles the rest of the cell can use and
to destroy old cells
– Common in animal cells but rare in
plant cells
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
6. Mitochondria
–
–
Nickname: “The Powerhouse”
Function: Supplies most of the energy for the cell
• Breaks down food (glucose) into water and carbon
dioxide, which releases energy. This is called
respiration
–
–
–
stores energy
more active a cell is the more mitochondria it will have
Has small amount of DNA. Scientist believe they were
once free living organisms that invaded the cell
millions of years ago.
Animal Cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
• Now let’s talk about structures
only found in PLANT Cells!!
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cell
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Go to
Section:
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
7. Vacuoles
– Function: stores water
• This is what makes lettuce crisp
– When there is no water, the plant
wilts
– Plants often have one or two very large
ones
– Animals have small and few
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cell
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Go to
Section:
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
8. Chloroplasts
– Function: traps energy from the sun to
produce food for the plant cell
– Process is called photosynthesis
• Equation for photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + water
Glucose +
oxygen
6CO2
6O2
+
6H2O
C6H12O6
+
Chloroplasts
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cell
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Go to
Section:
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
9. Cell Wall
– Function: strong, rigid; made of
cellulose, provides support and
protection to the cell membrane,
allows materials (carbon dioxide,
water, oxygen, and other dissolved
materials) to pass in and out
– Found outside the cell membrane in
plant cells
Plant Cell
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Smooth ER
Ribosomes
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Golgi Bodies
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Rough ER
How Are They Different?
Plant Cell
• cell wall and cell
membrane
• rectangular shape
• large vacuole
• makes glucose
– contains chloroplasts which make
chlorophyll - which is
used for
photosynthesis
Animal Cell
• cell membrane
• oval or round shape
• small vacuoles
Comparing Plant and Animal Cells
Plant
Animal