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Transcript
CELL BIOLOGY ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE OF….. CELLS ____________ CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION CHAPTER 7 Prokaryotic Eukaryotic •Has a nucleus •Has organelles •Has internal membranes Eukaryotic cell BACTERIA • No nuclear membrane • No membrane bound organelles • Cell wall • Single loop of DNA Prokaryotic cell CELL MEMBRANE • Controls what enters and leaves cell CELL MEMBRANE BILAYER (two layers) • Made of PHOSPHOLIPIDS & PROTEINS MEMBRANE PHOSPHOLIPIDS POLAR HEAD“hydrophillic” 2 NON-POLAR TAILS“hydrophobic” MEMBRANE PROTEINS • Some proteins go all the way through & touch both sides • Other proteinsare only on one side of membrane CYTOPLASM gel-like goo ORGANELLESsmall structures that do a job NUCLEUS • Control center of cell •Contains genetic material (DNA) NUCLEUS • Surrounded by NUCLEAR MEMBRANE Dark spot on nucleus = NUCLEOLUS (makes ribosomes ) NUCLEUS • NUCLEAR PORES Allow molecules to move in and out of nucleus MITOCHONDRIA • Look like “little sausages” • Contain own DNA Folded inner membrane called CRISTAE MITOCHONDRION (plural=MITOCHONDRIA) • “Powerhouse of cell” • Burns glucose to make energy • Stores energy as ATP RIBOSOMES • Make proteins • Made of proteins and RNA •Can be attached to ER or free in cytoplasm • Unlike other organelles, it has no membrane around it. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) “Intracellular highway” ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) • Has RIBOSOMES attached • Transports molecules to other parts of cell SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) • Has NO ribosomes attached • Makes steroids, regulates calcium, destroys toxic substances GOLGI BODY (APPARATUS) • Pancake like membrane stacks • Packages proteins for transport to their proper location VACUOLES • Storage for enzymes and waste LYSOSOMES • Membrane bound sacs that contain digestive enzymes digest worn out cell parts, food, invading bacteria and viruses • PLANT CELLS • • • • Cell wall Chloroplasts Bigger vacuoles No centrioles CELL WALL Supports and protects cell Outside of cell membrane Made of different molecules than bacteria cell wall CHLOROPLASTS • Use energy from sun to make glucose for food CHLOROPLASTS • Surrounded by double membrane • Thylakoid stacks contain enzymes for photosynthesis •Contain own DNA VACUOLES • Storage for enzymes and waste Vacuoles are much larger
