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CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
MODULE
ASHLEY J. TAYLOR
MVHS Science Department
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TWO TYPES OF CELLS
Prokaryotic Cells
• Do not contain a nucleus
• Do not contain membranebound organelles.
• Contains DNA
• DNA is suspended in the
cytoplasm.
• Contains Cytoplasm
• Contains Cell Membrane
• All prokaryotes are
microscopic
• Single-celled organisms
• Ex. Bacteria and Archaea
Eukaryotic Cells
• Contain a nucleus
• the genetic information is
stored in the nucleus
• Contain membrane
bound organelles.
• Contains Cytoplasm
• Contains Cell Membrane
• Eukaryotes may be
multicellular or singlecelled organisms.
• Ex. Plants, animals, fungi.
COMPARE AND CONTRAST
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
COMPARE AND CONTRAST
Prokaryote
• No nucleus
•No organelles
•Single-celled
•Bacteria
Eukaryote
• DNA
•Cytoplasm
•Cell
Membrane
• Nucleus
•Organelles
•Single-celled
•Multicellular
•Plant and Animal
Organelles
Specialized structures that
perform cellular functions
within a cell
CELL ORGANELLES
Cytoskeleton
Function: Supports and
Shapes the cell. Also
involved in cell movement.
• Microtubules - long
hollow tubes and give the
cell its shape
• Intermediate filaments give a cell its strength.
• Microfilaments - enable
cells to move and divide.
They play an important
role in muscle cells.
Nucleus
Function: Stores
hereditary info in the
form of DNA
• Contains a nucleolus –
small dense region
within responsible for
the assembly of
ribosomes
• Surrounded by a
nuclear envelope
CELL ORGANELLES
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Function: Organelle where
components of cell
membrane are made and
proteins are modified.
• Smooth ER: Does not
contain ribosomes. Makes
lipids and breaks down
toxic substances.
• Rough ER: Contains
ribosomes. Exports
proteins from cell or sends
them to the cytoplasm
Ribosome
Function: Location where
proteins are made.
• Made up of rRNA
(ribosomal RNA) and
protein
• Can be free-roaming in
cytoplasm or attached to
the Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
CELL ORGANELLES
Golgi Apparatus
Mitochondria
Function: Sac of
membrane-enclosed
spaces containing
enzymes that process,
sort, and deliver proteins.
Function: Supply energy
for the cell.
• Site of cellular
respiration
• Have their own
ribosomes and DNA
CELL ORGANELLES
Chloroplast
Cell Wall
Function: Organelle that
carries out photosynthesis.
• Contains chlorophyll (
light absorbing molecule
that gives plants their
green color)
• Found in Plants, some
Algae, and some
bacteria.
Function: A strong rigid
layer that provides
protection support and
shape to the cell.
• Made up of cellulose
• Found in Plants, Algae,
Fungi, and most
bacteria.
CELL ORGANELLES
Lysosomes
Cell Membrane
Function: Membranebound organelles that
contain enzymes that
defend a cell from
pathogens.
• Break down damaged
or worn-out cell parts
Function: A Semipermeable barrier made
up of a double layer of
phospholipids that
monitors the passage of
materials in and out of
the cell.
REINFORCEMENT ACTIVITY
USATest Prep Class Party
• Navigate to USATest Prep websitewww.usatestprep.com
• Click the drop down menu for EOCT and select
Biology
• Watch the following video for step-by-step
directions to setup the activity for your class
http://usatestprep.com/modules/video/video_popu
p.php?pop_up_help=1&id=1402
CLASS PARTY INSTRUCTIONS
• Teachers
• As students join the party, they will appear in the student table
• They will not be able to answer questions until you start the party
• Click "Start" to begin.
• There are two views we offer for projecting in front of the class.
• Stats view (default) will list percent incorrect, correct, and total complete.
• Race view will animate student avatars as they move towards the finish
line. A student will cross the finish line when they get 70% correct.
• Student results will update every 10 seconds.
• Click "End" once all the students have answered. You will then
have the option to print the results
• Students
• Have students click "Join a Class Party" from the Home tab. They
can also login from their mobile-device.
• Enter the code seen in the dashed box.
SOURCES
Nowicki, S. (2008). Chapter 3: Cells. In McDougal
Littell Biology (pp. 70-84). Evanston, IL: McDougal
Littell
www.usatestprep.com