Download 11.2 Reading Guide - Lewis Center for Educational Research

Chapter 11
Learning Points
Name_____________________________________ Date___________ Period________
Chapter 11.2 ~ “DNA: Reading, Translating and Using the Recipe”
REVIEW
The ________________________ on DNA contains the “recipes” information.
______________ is the molecule that stores information in our chromosomes in the
form of ______________
It is the complex 3-d shape of ______________ that determine their function as either
_____________ or ______________.
It could be said that ______________ controls the cell by ______________.
Therefore, about ______________ in each of our cells control all or chemical and
biological processes.
Proteins are ____________ __ composed of chains of ____________ of which there
are _____ different kinds that are used to form proteins.
DNA and ______________ are both ______________. Fill in the following table to highlight
the structural and functional differences and similarities of these two compounds.
Structure & Function
Number of Nitrogen Bases
Composing Nucleotides
Kinds of Nitrogen Bases Used
(use a letter designation)
Kind of Sugar Used
Description of Stranded-ness
There is(are)… kind(s) of …
Role(s) in Protein Synthesis
(Be specific)
DNA
______________
Read and do the Problem Solving Lab 11.2 on page 297. Attach your answers to the back
of this assignment for full credit.
To view animations of DNA Replication, Translation and Transcription, go online to
http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/builddna/ for how to make DNA
http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/transcribe/ for how to transcribe (DNA
RNA) and translate (mRNA polypeptide) a gene (section of DNA)
http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/educational/dna/ for a review of the whole idea
http://www.johnkyrk.com/index.html for a complex description of the whole idea
Fill-in The Blanks…Below is a diagram that outlines the steps and “players” involved in
the [1] Transcription DNA RNA and [2] Translation of mRNA protein(s). Fill in the
blanks with the appropriate term or phrase that best describes that part of the diagram.
4
1
5c
2_
6c
5b
7c
8c
6b
3_
9
5a__ _
6a_
7b
The Code
The “code” for determining what the placement of one ______________ in a polypeptide is
found in the ______________ nucleotides along a strand of DNA. The “alphabet” for this code
along the DNA molecule is restricted to ___ molecular “letters”, one representing each kind of
nucleotide found in DNA or, ___ _, ___, ___, ___. The “words” used in this code are composed
of ______ “letters” or nucleotides.
Transcription Basics
Since the “original code” found along the ______________ molecule can’t leave the
nucleus, it must first be ______________ (meaning to write or make a copy). The “copy” is
“written” as a molecule of ____________ that differs from the original on three counts, they
are…
RNA is ______________ stranded
In RNA, the nitrogen base____________ __ replaces DNA’s ______________
In RNA, the sugar ______________ replaces DNA’s ____________ __
On a strand of mRNA, the “code” words are also ____ “letters” long. Each “code” word is
called a ______________. Each “code” word on the mRNA has a opposite but complimentary
“code” word on the tRNA called a(an) ______________.
Finish the labeling of the ______________ diagram at
right.
Translation Basics
Read and do the MiniLab 11.1 on page 299. Attach your
answers to the back of this assignment for full credit.
According to the chart on
page 298 in you textbook, there
are/is ______________ codon(s) that signal(s) the start of a “protein recipe” or gene on a
strand of ______________ and ______________ codon(s) that stop the process. The entire
chart appears to contain the codons for ____________ _ different ______________ that can
be used to form ______________ when a strand of mRNA is translated at a ribosome. Since
this chart outlines how ______________ on mRNA can be “translated” into a(an)
______________ sequence for every living organism, the genetic code is said to be
______________ and is evidence either for a common ______________ or ancestor via an
evolutionary process or for a common ___________________ resulting from an
_______________________.
Using numbers, order the following statement in a sequence that best describes how RNA
is translated into the “precursors” of protein:
____ When the ribosome reaches the stop codon ( UAA or UAG), it disconnectes from the
mRNA strand and seeks another to read.
____ A peptide bond is made between adjacent amino acids.
____ A ribosome attaches on to a mRNA strand at the start codon (AUG).
____ Once the anticodon on the tRNA has been paired and bonded with the codon on the
mRNA, the amino acid that it is carrying is in position to form a bond with the other
amino acid that is adjacent to it.
____ Once a peptide bond has been formed between two adjacent amino acids, the tRNA
that carried newest amino acid in the forming polypeptide chain stay while the other
tRNA dettaches from the mRNA codon and floats off into the cytoplasm to seek out
another amino acid to bond with.
____ A tRNA with the anitcodon of UAC is, carring the amino acid Methionine, is coaxed
into place by the ribosome to temporarily bond with the complimentary codon (AUG).
Transcribe the short gene on the code carrying DNA strand below into a mRNA blueprint:
DNA~
TAC GCC TAT TTT GTA GTC CCT GGA TGC ATT
mRNA~___________________________________________________
Now, translate the resulting mRNA strand above into short polypeptide chain that it codes
for using Table 11.2 on page 298.
_____________________________________________________________