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Protein Synthesis Teacher Notes I. Protein Synthesis A. DNA Replication 1. Occurs in the nucleus prior to any cell division 2. Enzyme is used to “unzip” or “unwind” the DNA 3. Another enzyme is used to build a complementary strand of DNA from the template piece of original DNA a. Nitrogen bases pair up 1. A – T 2. C – G 4. As a result, you create two identical strands of DNA B. Transcription 1. DNA strand unzips a. The bonds between the nitrogen bases are broken b. Initiated by an enzyme that binds to a site on DNA 2. A single strand of mRNA (messenger RNA) is made a. Pair up the nitrogen bases 1. A U 2. T A 3. C G 4. G C 3. mRNA then travels from nucleus to cytoplasm a. Why is mRNA called messenger RNA? 1. Because it carries the directions to make a protein to the ribosome like a message 4. Types of RNA a. mRNA- messenger 1. Brings message from nucleus to ribosomes in cytoplasm b. rRNA- ribosomal 1. Make up a ribosome c. tRNA- transfer 1. “transfers” amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome to be added to the chain C. Translation 1 1. mRNA meets up with a ribosome a. Function of ribosome is to be site for protein synthesis 2. tRNA molecules bring amino acids to ribosomes 3. An mRNA codon will pair with a tRNA anticodon a. Codon: 3 Nitrogen base sequence in mRNA that specifies a specific amino acid b. Anticodon: 3 Nitrogen base sequence in tRNA 4. As tRNA’s are added, amino acids are bonded together and will be released as a fully functional protein. 5. How do you know what amino acids make up a particular protein? a. We use an mRNA codon chart 2