Download The Cell - Science at St. Dominics

2.1.2 Cell structure
Today’s objectives
•
Identify the whereabouts and functions of
the following: Cell wall, cell membrane,
nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuole and
chloroplast
The Cell
The CELL is the smallest unit of matter that
can carry on all the CHARACTERISTICS OF
LIFE.
Anton von Leeuwenhoek
Anton von Leeuwenhoek with his hand-held
microscope, was the first person to
observe and describe Living Cells in the
early 17th century
Robert Hooke
Robert Hooke looked a thin
slices of cork under a
microscope.
He thought the spaces he
saw reminded him of
Monks Cells –
Hence the name cells
Plant Cell as seen under a light microscope
Learning Check
What are Cells?
What is in a cell?
Animal and plant cells come in different shapes
and sizes, but they all have three basic features.
Plant
cellcell
animal
plant cell
nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
Plant cells also have some extra features that make
them different to animal cells.
A typical animal cell
A typical plant cell
Typical animal and plant
cells
Comparing cell structure
What did you learn today?
• Can you draw out an animal cell and label
it?
• Can you draw out a plant cell and label it?
• What are the functions of the parts of a
cell that we have seen today?
In today’s class
• You will learn about:
• The ultra structure of animal and plant
cells
Ultra Structure of an animal cell
Cell Membrane
Cell Membranes are made up of
phospholipids and proteins
The phospholipids and
proteins are in constant
motion.
Membranes are said to be
fluid
The Nucleus
The nucleus is made up of a double membrane
with nuclear pores.
These control the movement of substances into
and out of the nucleus
Chromatin which contains DNA
Fill in the blanks
The control center of the cell is called the ______.
It is enclosed by a double membrane called the ___________
__________________.
Openings in the nuclear envelope called __________ allow
for movement of substances in and out of the nucleus
Mitochondrion
•Mitochondria
supply energy to the
cell by respiration
Learning Check
Label the diagram
What is this organelle?
Why are they known as
powerhouses?
What type of cells would have
these organelles in large
numbers?
Ribosomes
Their function is to make proteins
Ultra structure of a plant cell
Plant Cells
Plant cells also contain other organelles
•
Cell walls
•
Chloroplasts
•
Large Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
The function of chloroplasts is Photosynthesis
Learning check
1. What organelle carries out
photosynthesis?
2. What type of cells have large vacuoles and
cell walls?
3. What is the function of vacuoles?
4. What is the function of cell walls?
5. What makes cells walls rigid?
Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
• Organisms whose cell contain a nucleus
and other membrane-bound organelles
are called eukaryotes.
• Organisms whose cells don’t have a
nucleus and other membrane-bound
organelles are called prokaryotes.