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Transcript
2.1.2 Cell structure Today’s objectives • Identify the whereabouts and functions of the following: Cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuole and chloroplast The Cell The CELL is the smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE. Anton von Leeuwenhoek Anton von Leeuwenhoek with his hand-held microscope, was the first person to observe and describe Living Cells in the early 17th century Robert Hooke Robert Hooke looked a thin slices of cork under a microscope. He thought the spaces he saw reminded him of Monks Cells – Hence the name cells Plant Cell as seen under a light microscope Learning Check What are Cells? What is in a cell? Animal and plant cells come in different shapes and sizes, but they all have three basic features. Plant cellcell animal plant cell nucleus cytoplasm cell membrane Plant cells also have some extra features that make them different to animal cells. A typical animal cell A typical plant cell Typical animal and plant cells Comparing cell structure What did you learn today? • Can you draw out an animal cell and label it? • Can you draw out a plant cell and label it? • What are the functions of the parts of a cell that we have seen today? In today’s class • You will learn about: • The ultra structure of animal and plant cells Ultra Structure of an animal cell Cell Membrane Cell Membranes are made up of phospholipids and proteins The phospholipids and proteins are in constant motion. Membranes are said to be fluid The Nucleus The nucleus is made up of a double membrane with nuclear pores. These control the movement of substances into and out of the nucleus Chromatin which contains DNA Fill in the blanks The control center of the cell is called the ______. It is enclosed by a double membrane called the ___________ __________________. Openings in the nuclear envelope called __________ allow for movement of substances in and out of the nucleus Mitochondrion •Mitochondria supply energy to the cell by respiration Learning Check Label the diagram What is this organelle? Why are they known as powerhouses? What type of cells would have these organelles in large numbers? Ribosomes Their function is to make proteins Ultra structure of a plant cell Plant Cells Plant cells also contain other organelles • Cell walls • Chloroplasts • Large Vacuoles Chloroplasts The function of chloroplasts is Photosynthesis Learning check 1. What organelle carries out photosynthesis? 2. What type of cells have large vacuoles and cell walls? 3. What is the function of vacuoles? 4. What is the function of cell walls? 5. What makes cells walls rigid? Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes • Organisms whose cell contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles are called eukaryotes. • Organisms whose cells don’t have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles are called prokaryotes.