Download BY 330 Summer 2015Mock Exam 2 Ten molecules of

BY 330 Summer 2015
Mock Exam 2
1. Ten molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are ultimately converted into
pyruvate through glycolysis. What is the net ATP production? How many
molecules of NADH are produced? How many molecules of CO2 are
produced? How many molecules of pyruvate are formed? Show the pathway
for this conversion, including all intermediates and energy production sites.
(I won’t show the pathway for the conversion, but it is the process of
glycolysis starting at G3P and ending at pyruvate. This will come
straight from your notes. Make sure you show all of the carbon
intermediates, where ATP is produced, and where NADH is produced).
Net ATP production = 20
NADH = 10
CO2 = 0
Pyruvate = 10
2. What is a kinase?
An enzyme that moves phosphorous around in the form of phosphate
3. The enzyme phosphofructokinase binds to fructose-6-phosphate and
produces fructose-1,6-bisphosphate during glycolysis.
4. Assume that 4 molecules of pyruvate enter the Krebs cycle and are
completely oxidized. Also allow oxidation of all electron carriers through the
electron transport chain. How many protons are pumped from the matrix of
the mitochondria to the inner membrane space? How many ATPs are created
as a result of only the ETC? How many water molecules are formed? What
enzyme allows for the production of ATP in the inner membrane of the
mitochondria?
88 protons; 44 ATP; 16 H2O; F1ATPase
5. The cytochrome complexes in the mitochondria have metal ions in their
core, normally present in the (oxidized, reduced) state.
6. Circle all of the following that can be found in both monolayers of the plasma
membrane.
a). Phosphotidyl-choline
b). Phosphotidyl- inositol
c). Cholesterol
d). Phosphotidyl-serine
e). Glycoplipids
f). Proteins
7. The plasma membrane regulates the transport of which of the following?
Circle all that apply.
a). Na+ ions
b). Water
BY 330 Summer 2015
Mock Exam 2
c). O2 molecules
d). CO2 molecules
e). Glucose (there are glucose transporters in the membrane,
sometimes glucose can diffuse also)
8. True or False: All membrane of the cell is made up of the exact same
components. False
9. The majority of the cytoplasm is made up of which organic molecule?
Proteins
10. Circle all of the following whose gene had a rough ER leader sequence.
OMIT ANSWER CHOICE D and A (F1ATPase and R1)
b). Pyruvate kinase
c). Voltage-gated sodium channel
e). Aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase
11. List three ways to increase the fluidity of the plasma membrane.
Decrease length of fatty acid tails
Decrease amount of cholesterol
Decrease saturation/increase unsaturation
12. The sodium-potassium pump is an example of which specific type of
transport protein.
Antiport carrier
13. What effect does an action potential have on a carrier protein? Voltage-gated
channel proteins?
None; Will open voltage-gated
14. A membrane-bound vesicle/endosome forms to bring molecules into the
cell during endocytosis. The (luminal, cytoplasmic) side of the vesicle
contains high amounts of phosphotidyl-choline. Once this vesicle enters the
cells, actin fibers will pull it to where it needs to go. If the vesicle is involved
in receptor-mediated endocytosis, a clathrin protein coat will form around
it. This protein coat will eventually be (discarded, recycled).
15. The calcium ion acts as a signal to promote exocytosis
16. The rough ER will synthesize all proteins, except for the proteins that
function in the cytoplasm and the mitochondria.
17. The process of glycosylation in the rough ER is often times called N-linked
glycosylation. This is because the oligosaccharide will be attached to the
asparagine amino acid in the protein, which has a amino group present in
its R group. This oligosaccharide was built on a lipid called dolichol, which is
BY 330 Summer 2015
Mock Exam 2
present on the cytoplasmic side of ER membrane. Once the oligosaccharide
is synthesized it will be flipped to the luminal side of the membrane and
enzymes called glycosylases will cut it from the lipid on which it was built. It
will eventually be attached to the luminal side of the protein. Circle all of the
following sugars that can be used in this process: (mannose, fucose, sialic
acid, glucose, galactose).
18. This molecule is used in the detoxification process that occurs in the smooth
ER. Cytochrome P450
19. Circle all of the amino acids in the following protein that the rough ER will
attach a sugar to through the process of glycosylation. Underline all of the
amino acids that the Golgi will attach a sugar to. (bolded is ER, underlined is
Golgi)
gly-cys-thr-tyr-gln-asn-val-ser-met-asn-arg-lys-his-trp-thr-phe-ser-leu-asn
20. Metastatic cancer cells are generally missing which component of the plasma
membrane? What are the parts of this molecule and in which organelle(s) are
these parts synthesized?
Glycolipids – lipid + oligosaccharide  lipid synthesized in smooth ER,
oligosaccharide synthesized in Golgi
21. List four functions of the Golgi.
There are five possible answers – glycosylation, proprocessing,
membrane recycling, secretion, lysosome production
22. The cis face of the Golgi is closest to the ER, while the trans face is closest to
the plasma membrane. The Golgi will turn over its membrane approximately
every 40 minutes. The zone of exclusion around the Golgi restricts which
molecules can move around the organelle.
23. Describe how the lysosome activates its enzymes for digestion.
Proton transporters use ATP to pump protons into lysosome, which
decreases pH from 7 to around 5  activates enzymes
24. List two diseases that can be caused because of problems with lysosomes.
Three possibilities – gout, Tay-Sachs, arthritis
25. Which two organelles produce metabolic water?
Peroxisome, mitochondria
26. Describe how functional catalase is assembled. Did catalase have a leader
sequence? What organelle does this enzyme function in and what reaction
does it catalyze?
OMIT FIRST PART OF THIS QUESTION
BY 330 Summer 2015
Mock Exam 2
Peroxisome  catalyzes peroxidative reaction of reduced compound
with hydrogen peroxide to produce oxidized compound and metabolic
water
27. Apoptosis is caused by a build-up of hydrogen peroxide outside of the
peroxisome. It can be solved by glutathione peroxidase, which will convert
the excess hydrogen peroxide intro water.