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Get out your cookie cartoon.
Cookie making analogies
The Cookbook is like: DNA
The Cookie Recipe is like: gene
A Gene holds the
instructions for making a
specific protein. There
are 1000’s of genes in
our DNA
The Cookie is like: protein
Instructions for making proteins are found in
genes.
Bobby’s house is like: the nucleus
The Transcribed Recipe is like: RNA
RNA is a
molecule very
similar to DNA.
Outside of Bobby’s house is
like: cytoplasm of the cell
Stacey the Cookie Maker is like:
the ribosome and tRNA
Ribosomes and tRNA
are molecules that
help build proteins–
using instructions from
mRNA.
1. The cookbook has a lot of recipes.
2. There is a recipe for making cookies.
3. The cookbook with the recipes cannot leave the house.
4. The recipe gets transcribed into a written out recipe.
5. The written out recipe leaves the house.
6. Stacey follows the instructions on the written out recipe.
7. Cookies are made.
1. The cookbook has a lot of recipes.
genes
DNA
2. There is a recipe for making cookies.
gene
proteins
3. The cookbook with the recipes cannot leave the house.
gene
DNA
nucleus
4. The recipe gets transcribed into a written out recipe.
“copied”
gene
mRNA
5. The written out recipe leaves the house.
mRNA
nucleus
6. Stacey follows the instructions on the written out recipe.
Ribosomes & tRNA
7. Cookies are made.
Proteins
mRNA
1. How is DNA like a cookbook?
 DNA has the instructions
for making everything in
the cell.
 DNA is a very important
molecule.
2. Why are genes like recipes?
 Inside of our DNA are
genes.
 Genes are small
segments of DNA
that hold the
information needed
to make a specific
protein.
3. What happens when proteins
need to be made?



When a certain protein is
needed in the cell, the gene
with those instructions is
needed.
Proteins are made outside the
nucleus, but the information
for making proteins is found in
the nucleus.
DNA cannot leave the
nucleus.
4. How does the information needed to
make proteins get out of the nucleus?
The needed gene is
transcribed (copied)
into a molecule
called mRNA.
DNA vs RNA
DNA
RNA
Double strand
Single strand
Deoxyribose
Ribose
A T G C
A U C G
Can NOT leave
nucleus
CAN leave the
nucleus
5. What happens once the mRNA is made?
 mRNA is a
molecule very
similar to DNA.
 mRNA can leave
the nucleus.
6. How do the instructions in RNA
get made into a protein?
Molecules called
tRNA and ribosomes
follow the instructions
found in mRNA and
help create the
needed proteins.
7. The final product
The protein is now made and can be used by
the cell.
Post-Note Questions
1. Explain why transcribing (copying) DNA into
RNA is an essential step for making proteins?
Post-Note Questions
2. In step 4, genes (small segments of DNA)
get transcribed into RNA. Why is only the gene
transcribed and not all of the DNA?
Making Proteins vs. Making
Cookies
Cookie Cartoon
Summary Statements in between.
Protein Cartoon
DNA Transcription and
Translation
Practice
DNA Strand:
ACT ACG ATC GAC TAT
What is the Complementary RNA strand?
UGA UGC UAG CUG AUA
What Does RNA Do?
Reads and transfers information from DNA to parts
of the cell responsible for Building Proteins
Is a temporary, reusable
copy of the Genetic Code
of certain Genes
Types of RNA
• Messenger RNA
mRNA • After being formed, the mRNA leaves
the Nucleus and travels to the
Ribosome
• Transfer RNA
tRNA
• Transfers Amino Acids (Makes up the
new Protein) to the Ribosome as the
Protein is being produced
A Few New Words
Codon:
A set of 3 Nucleotides
Anticodon:
3 tRNA Nucleotides which complement a Codon
Amino Acid:
Building block of a Protein
What is the mRNA Code
Sequence?
Transcription Video
4:50-5:35
Translation Video: Sketch
7:45-10:50
Final Products
 Amino Acid Chains (Proteins) are built to perform specific functions
in the cell
 In the cell, Proteins have numerous jobs:
Control the rate of reactions
Regulate cell processes
Form bones and muscles
Transport substances into or out of cells
Help to fight disease