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DNA vs. RNA • Provides instructions for protein synthesis • 2 stranded, double helix structure • Sequence of three bases calls for particular amino acid • Found in nucleus • Replicates • Eukaryote • Without RNA, DNA cannot be decoded, transported, or synthesized • Nucleic acid • Both essential for protein synthesis • Have 4 nitrogen bases • Monomer nucleotide • Phosphate sugar backbone • mRNA retrieves DNA from nucleus • tRNA translates these instructions • rRNA synthesizes protein • 1 strand molecule • Contains ribose sugar • Found in cytoplasm Mitosis vs. Meiosis • Division and reproduction of most body cells • Starts with one diploid cell and result in two daughter cells • Tetrads cross over in prophase 1 • Results with same number of chromosomes as parent cell • Cell division and reproduction • Asexual • Start with one parent cell • DNA replication • Division and reproduction of sex cells • Start with one diploid cell and result in four haploid cells • Produces gametes • Cells produced are not identical • Two rounds to produce daughter cells • Homologs pair in prophase 1 Transcription vs. Translation Step 1 •DNA unzips •mRNA nucleotides bond to complementary DNA bases •Message or code obtained by mRNA from DNA •DNA can’t leave nucleus • Depend on each other to make protein Step 2 •mRNA carries message to ribosomes •Ribosomes can’t read code until tRNA brings amino acids and bonds with codon •Takes place in cytoplasm •mRNA scanned by rRNA •Protein synthesized