Download Honors DNA Study Guide

Name __________________________________________ Date ________________________________ Period _________
STUDY GUIDE: DNA (structure & function)
1. Label the diagram of DNA using the word/terms in the word-bank.
Each will be used only once.
Word-Bank:
Base pair
Deoxyribose
Hydrogen bond
Nitrogen base
Nucleotide
Phosphate
2. What is a “nucleotide”?
3. Place a check mark in the correct column(s) for each statement. Some answers may have multiple checks.
CHARACTERISTIC
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Contains ribose
Contains deoxyribose
Double-stranded
Single-stranded
Involved in translation
Involved in transcription
Contains uracil
Contains thymine
Can be found in the nucleus; never leave it
Found in the nucleus & sometimes leaves it to go
to ribosomes with a copy of DNA’s master strand
Made of nucleotides
Forms ribosomes
4. Match the scientist to their contribution to the discovery of DNA:
a. Fred Griffith
b. Rosalind Franklin & Maurice Wilkins
c. Hershey and Chase
e. Oswald Avery
f. Chargaff
g. Friedrich Miescher
d. Watson and Crick
_____ Showed transformation of bacteria in mice; 1 st to show that protein was not the genetic material
_____ Concluded that A binds with T and G binds with C
_____ X-ray crystallography pictures of DNA showed it was a helical structure
_____ Studied a substance found only in the nucleus; named it “nuclein”
_____ Tested all macromolecules to see which one transforms bacteria. Found only nucleic acid transforms
_____ Worked with radioactive viruses and showed that the only inject DNA into the cells they infect
_____ Combined data from other scientists to show the 3-d structure of DNA
5. Summarize the processes of:
a. Replication: (include the enzymes involved)
b. Transcription:
c. Translation:
6. To illustrate your knowledge of the protein synthesis process, starting with the DNA, create a chart like the following and complete
(CAREFUL…AA chains are found using a CODON chart…not and anti-codon chart)
DNA
TAC
AAA
CCA
TTG
CGA
AAT
AGA
ATT
TGA
mRNA (codon)
tRNA (anticodon)
Amino acid
(hint: use the codon)
(Abbreviate them)
7. a) Define a mutagen:
b) Give an example of a positive and a negative effect of a mutagen:
8. Describe each of the following types of mutations:
a. insertions:
b. deletions:
c. substitutions:
9. Which of the mutations above are considered a:
a. point mutation? __________________________ b. frameshift mutation? ____________________________
10. Protein Synthesis: Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
Fill your answers into the blanks.
Use letters A-E to answer questions 1-5:
_____ 1. Which letter points to a cell nucleus?
_____ 2. Which letter points to a tRNA?
_____ 3. Which letter points to an anticodon?
_____ 4. Which letter points to a mRNA leaving the nucleus?
_____ 5. Which letter shows translation occurring at the ribosome?
11. What is letter “F” pointing to?
12. What is letter “G” pointing to?