* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Cell Structures Unit
Survey
Document related concepts
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Cell nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Tissue engineering wikipedia , lookup
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
Endomembrane system wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Cytokinesis wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Cell Structures Unit Cells – What are they? Specific Separate mass surrounded by a semipermeable membrane The basic structural unit of life All organisms are composed of one or more cells Cells – What are they? How cells differ from each other; Size Shape Organization The Discovery of the Cell The first microscope magnified an object 270 times. Today, they can magnify 200,000 times. Robert Hooke was the first to view the world of cells in 1660. Cell Developments 1665 – Robert Hooke English scientists Took thin sliced of cork bark Noticed they had similar compartments He called them cells Estimated there were 1 billion cells per cubic inch Cell Developments 1838 – Matthais Schledien 1839 – Theodor Schwann Discovered that plants have cells Discovered that animals have cells 1858 – Rodolf Virchow Discovered that all cells come from living things. The Cell Theory 1. All organisms are composed of cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms. 3. All cells come from preexisting cells. Animal Cell Inter Cellular Terminology Cytoplasm: Suspended fluid inside the cell Aids in transport of substances within the cell Inter Cellular Terminology Organelles Special structures in the cytoplasm Each performs a special task to help keep the cell alive Intra-cellular terminology Plasma Membrane Encloses the cell Regulates what enters and exits the cell Inter Cellular Terminology Chromosomes Molecules of DNA wrapped around proteins Found in the Nucleus Controls cell functions and the what traits are passed on Centriole Inter Cellular Terminology Centriole Small, Organelle lying near the nucleus in the cytoplasm Aids in cell division Only in animal cells Endoplasmic Reticulum Inter Cellular Terminology Endoplasmic Reticulum A system of canals Transports substances into the cell Called the CHEMICAL WORK BENCH Plants and Animals Smooth ER Rough ER Golgi Apparatus Inter Cellular Terminology Golgi Apparatus Found in the cytoplasm Packages proteins for Storage Secretion Plants and Animals Lysosome Inter Cellular Terminology Lysosome Breaks down food and foreign material. Removes waste materials from the cell Only in Animal Cells Inter Cellular Terminology Messenger RNA Synthesized in the Nucleus Passes through the ribosome Provides a template for enzyme or protein synthesis Inter Cellular Terminology Transfer RNA Serves as an adaptor molecule in the syntheses of protein Mitochondria Inter Cellular Terminology Plants and Animals Mitochondria Spherical or elongated Releases energy to produce body heat. Contains the electron transmitter POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL Burn food to obtain energy Inter Cellular Terminology Nuclear Membrane Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm Controls What leaves the cell What enters the cell Nucleus & Nucleolus Inter Cellular Terminology Nucleolus Produces ribonucleic acids (RNA) Assembles ribosome's Plants and Animals Inter Cellular Terminology Nucleus Organelle containing the hereditary information Plants and Animals Inter Cellular Terminology Ribosomes Granules composed of protein and RNA Synthesis protein Vacuole Inter Cellular Terminology Vacuole Small space within a cell Filled with water Stores food, water and wastes Plants and Animals Structures outside of the Cell Hemoglobin Red Protein pigment that transports O and CO2 Regulates pH Structures outside of the Cell Erythrocyte Red Blood Cells Leukocytes White blood cells Structures outside of the Cell Platelet Small colorless corpuscle Aids in blood coagulation Levels of Cellular Organization Cells Tissues: Groups of tissues working together Organ Systems: Groups of cells working together Organs: The basic unit of all living things Groups of organs working together Organisms: Groups of organ systems working together Processes of the Cell Absorption: Taking in water and nutrients Chlorophyll: The green pigment of plants Aids in photosynthesis Processes of the Cell Chloroplast: The site that photosynthesis takes place Chlorophyll: The green pigment of plants Aids in photosynthesis Processes of the Cell Differentiation: Process of changing unspecialized into specialized cells Photosynthesis: Making sugars in green plants from water, carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight. Processes of the Cell Respiration: Using stored foods to obtain energy Transpiration: The evaporation of water from the leaves of the plant Processes of Photosynthesis The process that plants us to produce food for themselves Plants are the factories of the world An estimated 150 billion tons of sugar are produced by plants each year Processes of Photosynthesis How it works Carbon Dioxide enters the leaf from the surrounding air Water moves from the soil into the root, stems, and leaves The H20 and the CO2 are synthesized in the chlorophyll with the energy from sunlight Processes of Photosynthesis The end result is the formulation of sugar which is transported around the plant to be used After the plant uses the Hydrogen, and Carbon, the Oxygen is a bi-product of the photosynthesis and is released Processes of Respiration Here’s how it works; Sugar is broken down to produce energy for essential plant functions. Respiration consumes oxygen and glucose Respiration gives of Carbon Dioxide and water Photosynthesis –vrs- Respiration Photosynthesis Respiration Building of carbohydrates Using carbohydrates Sugars manufactured Sugars consumed Requires light Happens day or night Captures energy Uses energy Only takes place in plants Carries on in both plants and animals Sugar is the end product Energy produced for plant functions Plants vs. Animals Plant Cells Cell Wall Made of cellulose Gives support and shape They have chloroplasts Green chlorophyll pigment Site of Photosynthesis Plants vs. Animals Plant Cells No microtubules No cenrioles Usually a single large vacuole Liposome's are absent. Plant Cell Plants vs. Animals Animal Cells Microtubules give them shape No cell wall, plastids, chloroplasts Vacuoles are small Animal Cell