* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Directions for Dog Breed Genetics
DNA profiling wikipedia , lookup
DNA barcoding wikipedia , lookup
Human genome wikipedia , lookup
Holliday junction wikipedia , lookup
Metagenomics wikipedia , lookup
Mitochondrial DNA wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Genomic library wikipedia , lookup
Cancer epigenetics wikipedia , lookup
DNA polymerase wikipedia , lookup
SNP genotyping wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Frameshift mutation wikipedia , lookup
DNA damage theory of aging wikipedia , lookup
Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids wikipedia , lookup
No-SCAR (Scarless Cas9 Assisted Recombineering) Genome Editing wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom National DNA Database wikipedia , lookup
Genealogical DNA test wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
DNA vaccination wikipedia , lookup
Expanded genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Epigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Bisulfite sequencing wikipedia , lookup
Genome editing wikipedia , lookup
Primary transcript wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Microsatellite wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid double helix wikipedia , lookup
Cell-free fetal DNA wikipedia , lookup
DNA supercoil wikipedia , lookup
DNA nanotechnology wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Helitron (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Name:_________________________________Block: ____ Date: _______________ Directions for Dog Breed Genetics The purpose of this activity is to have fun while learning one of biology’s central dogmas: how DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated into an amino acid sequence that makes up a specific protein. The domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) is an interesting species to study because it is possibly the most diverse mammal species on Earth. There are more than 300 dog breeds that exist,170 of which are recognized by the American Kennel Club. The different breeds were developed through human breeding, which followed the domestication of the gray wolf. Breeding has caused the huge range in size, shape and behavior of dogs. This allows scientists to compare genes between breeds and connect them to the traits that result from the genes. The dog’s genome was first sequenced in 2005. Directions: You will receive the DNA of an unknown breed of dog. Your job is to figure out the dog’s breed by doing the following: Transcribe the DNA into mRNA. Use the mRNA codon chart below to determine the amino acids the DNA codes for. Refer to the Dog Trait Key to determine which amino acid sequences code for each trait. Based on the traits of your dog, determine which breed’s DNA you have! After you finish, please answer the analysis questions. mRNA Codon Chart Name:_________________________________Block: ____ Date: _______________ Dog Genetics Analysis Questions 1. What breed of dog do you have?________________________________ 2. In your own words, explain the process of transcription. Be sure to include where it takes place, which cellular structures are involved, and which biomolecules are involved. 3. In your own words, explain the process of translation. Be sure to include where it takes place, which cellular structures are involved, and which biomolecules are involved. 4. In your own words, explain how an organism’s DNA relates to its traits. 5. Suppose you knew the amino acid sequence of a specific protein in a cell. a. How could you determine the sequence of DNA that coded for them? b. Using your answer to part a) identify the DNA sequence that codes for the polypeptide: Met-Try-Arg-Gly. Name:_________________________________Block: ____ Date: _______________ 6. Explain how one change in a DNA nucleotide could alter the formation of a protein. (An example is the difference between normal and sickle-cell hemoglobin.) 7. From a genetics standpoint, a. What is a mutation? b. What type of mutation might not affect the resulting protein? c. What type of gene mutation is most harmful? Why? 8. Below is a DNA strand that codes for coat color and a second strand which codes for a different coat color. What type of mutation has occurred? How does this affect the amino acid sequence produced? (Hint – transcribe and translate the strands!!) DNA strand #1: TACAAAGAACAATACATT DNA strand #2: TACAAAAAACAATACATT 9. Below is a DNA strand that codes for coat color and a second strand which codes for a different coat color. What type of mutation has occurred? How does this affect the amino acid sequence produced? (Hint – transcribe and translate the strands!!) DNA strand #1: TACAAAGAACAATACATT DNA strand #2: TACAAGAGAACAATACATT Name:_________________________________Block: ____ Date: _______________ DOG TRAITS KEY Phenotype Amino Acid Chain Coat Color Brown Met-Phe-Leu-Val-Met Black Met-Phe-Phe-Val-Met Red-Brown Met-Phe-Ser-Val-Met Yellow Met-Phe-Thr-Val-Met White Met-Thr-Val-Met Fur Type Curly, Short Met-Lys-Tyr-Arg-Thr Straight, Short Met-Lys-Phe-Arg-Thr Straight Long Met-Lys-Arg-Phe-Thr Wavy Long Met-Lys-Tyr-Thr-Arg Body Shape Small, thin, long, straight Met-Pro-Leu-Gly-Gln Large, thin, long tapered Met-Pro-Leu-Ala-Gln Medium, very muscular, short Met-Pro-Leu-His-Gln Large, semimuscular, Straight Met-Pro-Ile-Ala-Gln Head Shape Long, Thin Met-Phe-Asp-Glu-Arg-Leu-His-Pro Flat Met-Leu-Asp-Glu-Arg-Leu-His-Pro Short Met-Leu-Asp-Glu-Arg-Phe-His-Pro Name:_________________________________Block: ____ Date: _______________ Legs Long, thin Met-Gly-Arg-Gln-Asp Short, Stubby Met-Arg-Gln-Asp medium long Met-Gly-His-Gln-Asp Stocky, muscular Met-Gly-Trp-Gln-Asp Tail Long with Short Fur Met-Pro-Thr-Asn-Glu-Ala Long with Bushy Fur Met-Pro-Ser-Asn-Glu-Ala Pompom Tip Met-Pro-Thr-Thr-Asn-Glu-Ala Short Nub Met-Pro-Asn-Glu-Ala Ears Small Pointy Met-Val-Gly-His-Gln Big Droopy Met-Val-Gly-Trp-His-Gln Medium Square Met-Val-Gly-His-Trp-Ser-Gln Medium Droopy Met-Val-Gly-Gln Eye Color Dark Brown Met-Asn-Asn-Val-Arg Light Brown Met-Ser-Asn-Val-Arg Blue Met-Ser-Val-Arg