Download Cellular Transport Vocabulary

Cellular Transport Vocabulary
1. Homeostasis—a balance of substances within the cell
2. Protein-lipid bilayer—two layers of phospholipids with proteins; describes the cell membrane
3. Fluid mosaic model—describes the cell membrane as being made of similar molecules (lipids) which
freely move within the membrane
4. Selectively permeable (semi-permeable)—controls what enters and exits the cell
5. Protein markers—allow the cell to communicate with other cells
6. Transport proteins—allow big substances or certain ions to move through the membrane
7. Cholesterol—very rigid molecules that strengthen the cell membrane
8. Hydrophilic heads—the part of the phospholipids that attracts water
9. Hydrophobic tails—the part of the phospholipids that repel water
10. Passive Transport—transport that requires NO ENERGY from a cell
11. Simple diffusion—the movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration
12. Concentration gradient—differences in concentration
13. Osmosis—diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane
14. Isotonic—has a concentration equal to the concentration inside the cell; results in no change in a cell
15. Hypotonic—has a concentration lower than the concentration inside the cell; results in the cell swelling
16. Hypertonic—has a concentration higher than the concentration inside the cell; results in a cell
shrinking or shriveling
17. Turgor pressure—pressure inside a cell
18. Cytolysis—cell bursts, which causes cell death
19. Contractile vacuole—special organelle in some protists that pumps excess water out of the cell to keep
cell from bursting
20. Plasmolysis—cell shrinks or shrivels due to water loss
21. Facilitated diffusion—passive transport that requires a transport protein
22. Active Transport—transport that requires energy from a cell
23. Ion pumps—carrier proteins that move ions through membrane
24. Endocytosis—active transport in which the cell engulfs a particle or substance using a vesicle
25. Phagocytosis—type of endocytosis in which the cell engulfs a large solid; “cell eating”
26. Pinocytosis— type of endocytosis in which the cell engulfs a liquid or tiny solid; “cell drinking”
27. Exocytosis—active transport in which the cell pushes a substance/particle out of the cell with the use of
a vesicle