Download COMMON CELL TRAITS

Parts of a Cell
Notes
COMMON CELL TRAITS

A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of
performing life functions.
CELL WALL




protects the cell
gives shape
is made of cellulose
A cell wall is found in plants, algae, fungi, & most
bacteria but NOT in animal cells.
CELL MEMBRANE



Outer covering, protective layer
around ALL cells
For cells with cell walls, the cell
membrane is inside the cell wall
Allows food, oxygen, & water
into the cell & waste products
out of the cell.
CYTOPLASM
gelatin-like substance found inside the cell membrane
 constantly flows
 Most all cell activity occurs
here.
 aka protoplasm
 Found in both plant and animal
cells.

NUCLEUS





Directs all cell activities
Contains instructions
for everything the cell
does
These instructions are
found on a hereditary
material called DNA
Usually the largest
organelle
Found in both plant and
animal cells
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE


separates nucleus from
cytoplasm
controls movement of
materials in & out of
nucleus
NUCLEOLUS



Aka “little nucleus”
Found in the nucleus
Where chromosomes
are made.
CHROMATIN (Chromosomes)


contains genetic code that controls the cell
made of DNA & proteins
CHLOROPLASTS


Green organelles that make
food
found only in plant cells
CHLOROPHYLL



A green pigment that gives
leaves & stems their color
Captures sunlight energy
that is used to produce food
called glucose
Glucose is a type of sugar
MITOCHONDRIA




Organelles that release
energy from food
This energy is released by
breaking down food into
carbon dioxide
AKA the powerhouse
because they release energy
from food
Found in both plant and
animal cells
RIBOSOMES




Make proteins
Float freely or attached to the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Ribosomes are made in the
nucleolus
Found in both plant and
animal cells.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM





A series of folded membranes
that move materials (proteins)
around in a cell
like a conveyor belt
Smooth ER – ribosomes are not
attached to ER
Rough ER – ribosomes are
attached to ER
Found in both plant and animal
cells.
VACUOLES



Large water-filled sac
Stores food, water, and
waste
Found in both plant and
animal cells, however
plants contain only one
large one taking 90% of
the cell space.
LYSOSOMES (LI suh sohmz)




The word "lysosome" is Latin for "kill body."
The purpose of the lysosome is to digest things.
Lysosomes break down food molecules, cell wastes
& worn out cell parts (when a cell dies)
Found in animal cells rare in plant cells.
GOLGI BODIES (GAWL jee)


Stacked flattened
membranes
Sort and package
proteins
FROM CELL TO ORGANISM
Cell
The basic unit of life
Tissue
Group of cells working together
Organ
Group of tissues working together
Organ System
Group of organs working together
Organism
Any living thing made of 1 or more cells