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2016 HONORS BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Know that ATP is a form of POTENTIAL energy while ADP is a form of KINETIC energy.
Explain the ways chlorophyll transmit light.
What jump starts photosynthesis?
Know the products of the LD reactions in photosynthesis.
Know what happens in the STROMA.
What is the order for C.R.?
Know the REACTANTS and PRODUCTS of C.R.
Know the start of each of the steps in C.R.
How is fermentation different from C.R.?
Know how surface area and volume plays a role in cell size.
What are the steps of the cell cycle?
What are spindle fibers?
Explain DIPLOID vs. HAPLOID.
What is DOMINANT vs. RECESSIVE?
Define HOMOZYGOUS and HETEROZYGOUS.
Perform a MONOHYBRID cross.
Name Mendel’s traits of genetics.
In a DIHYBRID cross, know how to FOIL to come up with the gametes.
Why were FRUIT FLIES used in genetics?
Explain the difference between INTERMEDIATE INHERITANCE and CO-DOMINANCE.
What is POLYGENIC inheritance?
If a DIPLOID # is 30, what is the HAPLOID #?
How are GAMETES formed?
Define CROSSING OVER.
How are MITOSIS and MEIOSIS different? (remember, we did a T table)
Know the steps of MEIOSIS I vs. MEIOSIS II.
Define GENE LINKAGE.
What did GRIFFITH find with DNA/RNA?
What did HERSHEY and CHASE find with DNA?
Know the parts of a NUCLEOTIDE.
Use the CHARGAFF PRINCIPLE for base pairings.
What is the end product for DNA replication?
Practice making a DNA complement strand.
Where is DNA found in eukaryotes?
Check out the DNA/RNA T table to show comparisons/differences.
Practice RNA TRANSCRIPTION (DNA 1 to mRNA).
An amino acid has _____ nucleotides?
Know how to read the CODON chart.
What RNA code is used during TRANSLATION?
What do genes form?
Know the different types of MUTATIONS.
A female is XX and a male is XY.
All egg cells are which letter?
How does XY inheritance work?
A karyotype has how many chromosomes?
What are SEX-LINKED diseases?
Why do some sex-linked diseases happen more in MALES?
Know the blood type genotype/phenotype table.
Explain how to read a PEDIGREE.
Is SICKLE CELL a dominant or recessive disease?
What is the HUMAN GENOME project?
Define NONDISJUNCTION.
Describe DARWIN’s BIG ideas.
How did HUTTON and LYELL relate geology to evolution?
What did LAMARCK theorize with evolution?
Who related human population to evolution?
Describe NATURAL SELECTION.
Did Darwin know about DNA when he wrote about his evolution theory?
What is COMMON DESCENT?
What is a VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE?
How does DNA support evolution?
What is a GENE POOL?
What is an ALLELE FREQUENCE?
Genes and natural selection go together.
If an allele frequency is changing, what does that mean for the population?
What are sources of GENETIC VARIATION?
How are single gened traits different from polygenic traits with regards to evolution?
Draw STABILIZING SELECTION.
What happens when a mutation enters a population?
What makes alleles change in genetic drift?
What is the FOUNDER EFFECT?
How does HARDY-WEINBERG affect population size?
Name REPRODUCTIVE BARRIERS.
Define SPECIATION?
What kind of rock holds fossils?
What is a HALF-LIFE?
Define INDEX FOSSIL.
Look at the GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE TABLE.
The geologic time scale goes from large to small.
What is GRADUALISM?
What is COEVOLUTION?
Give an example of COEVOLUTION.
What is a PROTEINOID?
Explain the ENDOSYMBIOSIS THEORY.
What’s the difference between ARCHAEA and BACTERIA?
Give examples or organisms in each kingdom.
How are prokaryotes classified?
How do prokaryotes share genetic information?
Give uses for BACTERIA.
Give the structure of a VIRUS.
How does viruses infect cells?
Define BACTERIOPHAGE.
Define PATHOGEN.