Modular Skeletal Evolution in Sticklebacks Is Controlled by Additive
... systems where selection from standing variation predominates, the observed distribution of dominances should largely reflect the underlying distribution of dominances of advantageous mutations. Although most new mutations are recessive (Fisher 1928; Orr 1991), advantageous mutations may have a differ ...
... systems where selection from standing variation predominates, the observed distribution of dominances should largely reflect the underlying distribution of dominances of advantageous mutations. Although most new mutations are recessive (Fisher 1928; Orr 1991), advantageous mutations may have a differ ...
3 Ontological analogy: Genes and memes
... claim implied in drawing the analogy between nature and culture shifts from the ‘blind watchmaker’ to ‘no one watching.’ Although there are many other analogical applications of Darwinian thinking, I will only consider these two, since they directly attack our traditional view of creativity and cult ...
... claim implied in drawing the analogy between nature and culture shifts from the ‘blind watchmaker’ to ‘no one watching.’ Although there are many other analogical applications of Darwinian thinking, I will only consider these two, since they directly attack our traditional view of creativity and cult ...
Darwinism Memes And Creativity_opus
... claim implied in drawing the analogy between nature and culture shifts from the ‘blind watchmaker’ to ‘no one watching.’ Although there are many other analogical applications of Darwinian thinking, I will only consider these two, since they directly attack our traditional view of creativity and cult ...
... claim implied in drawing the analogy between nature and culture shifts from the ‘blind watchmaker’ to ‘no one watching.’ Although there are many other analogical applications of Darwinian thinking, I will only consider these two, since they directly attack our traditional view of creativity and cult ...
Slides from Lecture 4
... • Mutations are small, random changes (copying errors) • Many mutations have no effect at all, others are lethal. • In general, even though mutations often have negative immediate effects, they give evolution new material to work (or, rather, experiment) with. ...
... • Mutations are small, random changes (copying errors) • Many mutations have no effect at all, others are lethal. • In general, even though mutations often have negative immediate effects, they give evolution new material to work (or, rather, experiment) with. ...
conte et al 2015 genetics - UBC Zoology
... To help remedy this gap, we investigated the genetic basis of repeated evolution in a large number of traits in two sympatric species pairs of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus species complex) from two isolated lakes in British Columbia, Canada. Both species pairs consist of a limnetic ...
... To help remedy this gap, we investigated the genetic basis of repeated evolution in a large number of traits in two sympatric species pairs of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus species complex) from two isolated lakes in British Columbia, Canada. Both species pairs consist of a limnetic ...
How pathogens drive genetic diversity: MHC, mechanisms and
... generate the extraordinary levels of MHC diversity observed. However, establishing the relative importance of the three proposed mechanisms of PMS (heterozygote advantage, rare-allele advantage and fluctuating selection) has proved extremely difficult. Studies have attempted to differentiate between ...
... generate the extraordinary levels of MHC diversity observed. However, establishing the relative importance of the three proposed mechanisms of PMS (heterozygote advantage, rare-allele advantage and fluctuating selection) has proved extremely difficult. Studies have attempted to differentiate between ...
MHC, mechanisms and
... generate the extraordinary levels of MHC diversity observed. However, establishing the relative importance of the three proposed mechanisms of PMS (heterozygote advantage, rare-allele advantage and fluctuating selection) has proved extremely difficult. Studies have attempted to differentiate between ...
... generate the extraordinary levels of MHC diversity observed. However, establishing the relative importance of the three proposed mechanisms of PMS (heterozygote advantage, rare-allele advantage and fluctuating selection) has proved extremely difficult. Studies have attempted to differentiate between ...
Distinguishing Drift and Selection Empirically: “The - Philsci
... Distinguishing Drift and Selection Empirically: “The Great Snail Debate” of the 1950s ...
... Distinguishing Drift and Selection Empirically: “The Great Snail Debate” of the 1950s ...
The genetic consequences of selection in natural populations
... So far this model has ignored dominance, which has important implications for the calculation of s. In population genetic models of directional selection, dominance is most often accounted for with the dominance coefficient, h. In the single locus, two-allele model described above, the fitness of ea ...
... So far this model has ignored dominance, which has important implications for the calculation of s. In population genetic models of directional selection, dominance is most often accounted for with the dominance coefficient, h. In the single locus, two-allele model described above, the fitness of ea ...
Differential Enzyme Targeting As an Evolutionary Adaptation to
... and six Platyrrhini suggested that there was negative selection pressure to conserve the functioning of the MTS in their early evolutionary history but positive selection pressure to diminish or abolish its function in many later branches (Holbrook et al. 2000). Despite the fact that the diets of ma ...
... and six Platyrrhini suggested that there was negative selection pressure to conserve the functioning of the MTS in their early evolutionary history but positive selection pressure to diminish or abolish its function in many later branches (Holbrook et al. 2000). Despite the fact that the diets of ma ...
Parallel Evolution of Copy-Number Variation across Continents in
... selection, confidence in the biological relevance of such differentiation can be increased by asking whether differentiation occurs in parallel across different geographic regions exhibiting similar ecological gradients (e.g., Jones et al. 2012). Therefore, for each differentiated CNV detected on on ...
... selection, confidence in the biological relevance of such differentiation can be increased by asking whether differentiation occurs in parallel across different geographic regions exhibiting similar ecological gradients (e.g., Jones et al. 2012). Therefore, for each differentiated CNV detected on on ...
W. Ford Doolittle - of Maureen A. O`Malley
... Stanley Wainwright (1927-2003), a biochemist who had come to Dalhousie via Yale, Columbia, and the Pasteur Institute. Wainwright’s wife, Lillian Schneider Wainwright had worked and published with molecular biology illuminati Francis Ryan (1916-1963) and Joshua ...
... Stanley Wainwright (1927-2003), a biochemist who had come to Dalhousie via Yale, Columbia, and the Pasteur Institute. Wainwright’s wife, Lillian Schneider Wainwright had worked and published with molecular biology illuminati Francis Ryan (1916-1963) and Joshua ...
Revisiting the Impact of Inversions in Evolution
... where the interacting loci reside (Nei 1967, Pepper 2003). Because inversion polymorphisms generate low recombination rates among the standard (noninverted) and inverted arrangements, they facilitate the spread of the coadapted alleles. Inversions carrying favorable alleles then spread to fixation un ...
... where the interacting loci reside (Nei 1967, Pepper 2003). Because inversion polymorphisms generate low recombination rates among the standard (noninverted) and inverted arrangements, they facilitate the spread of the coadapted alleles. Inversions carrying favorable alleles then spread to fixation un ...
selection for recombination in small populations
... origin and persistence of sex and recombination (Morgan 1913; Fisher 1930; Muller 1932; Haldane 1990), and it relies on the stochastic nature of evolution in small populations. In infinitely large populations, every genotype already exists; thus, as long as there is no epistasis and no initial linka ...
... origin and persistence of sex and recombination (Morgan 1913; Fisher 1930; Muller 1932; Haldane 1990), and it relies on the stochastic nature of evolution in small populations. In infinitely large populations, every genotype already exists; thus, as long as there is no epistasis and no initial linka ...
genomebiology.com
... introns are relatively short [17] and are under selection to remain as such due to the intron definition mechanism by which they are recognized [18-21]. Thus, there is presumably a selection against TE insertion into such introns. However, with the presumed transition from intron to exon definition ...
... introns are relatively short [17] and are under selection to remain as such due to the intron definition mechanism by which they are recognized [18-21]. Thus, there is presumably a selection against TE insertion into such introns. However, with the presumed transition from intron to exon definition ...
Recent Advances in Cytology
... Hampton Carson, a young graduate student at the time, remembered the reaction to Recent Advances of Cytology in his biology department at the University of Pennsylvania: “The older members of this strongly cytological department received the Darlington book with stiff attitudes of outrage, anger, an ...
... Hampton Carson, a young graduate student at the time, remembered the reaction to Recent Advances of Cytology in his biology department at the University of Pennsylvania: “The older members of this strongly cytological department received the Darlington book with stiff attitudes of outrage, anger, an ...
student understanding and acceptance of evolution, creationism
... The issues surrounding evolution education in the United States are of key importance to biology educators. To date little research has been published measuring the understanding of and attitude toward evolution held by biology majors in the university education system. The goal of this research was ...
... The issues surrounding evolution education in the United States are of key importance to biology educators. To date little research has been published measuring the understanding of and attitude toward evolution held by biology majors in the university education system. The goal of this research was ...
Multiple Routes to Subfunctionalization and Gene Duplicate
... the assumptions, in particular that subfunctions are completely separable. If mutations that destroy one subfunction are even slightly disadvantageous as homozygotes, say because they also cause a change in the speed or variability of transcription initiation in the other context, then the waiting t ...
... the assumptions, in particular that subfunctions are completely separable. If mutations that destroy one subfunction are even slightly disadvantageous as homozygotes, say because they also cause a change in the speed or variability of transcription initiation in the other context, then the waiting t ...
Biopsychology, 7e (Pinel) - College Test bank
... Topic: 2.2 Human Evolution 59) The pattern of mate bonding that is most prevalent in mammals is A) promiscuity. D) polyandry. B) polygyny. E) none of the above C) monogamy. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33 Topic: 2.2 Human Evolution 60) According to one prominent theory, monogamy evolved in only those ...
... Topic: 2.2 Human Evolution 59) The pattern of mate bonding that is most prevalent in mammals is A) promiscuity. D) polyandry. B) polygyny. E) none of the above C) monogamy. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 33 Topic: 2.2 Human Evolution 60) According to one prominent theory, monogamy evolved in only those ...
Evolution of mating types driven by purifying selection
... Sexual cell fusion combines genetic material of two gametes, but why the two reproductive cells have to belong to distinct self-incompatible gamete classes is not known. In a vast majority of sexual eukaryotes, mitochondria are inherited uniparentally from only one of the two mating types, which is ...
... Sexual cell fusion combines genetic material of two gametes, but why the two reproductive cells have to belong to distinct self-incompatible gamete classes is not known. In a vast majority of sexual eukaryotes, mitochondria are inherited uniparentally from only one of the two mating types, which is ...
Baldwinian Accounts of Language Evolution
... neglected evolutionary process of the Baldwin effect has been widely acknowledged. Especially in the field of language evolution, the Baldwin effect (Baldwin 1896d, Simpson 1953) has been expected to salvage the long-lasting deadlocked situation of modern linguistics: i.e., it may shed light on the ...
... neglected evolutionary process of the Baldwin effect has been widely acknowledged. Especially in the field of language evolution, the Baldwin effect (Baldwin 1896d, Simpson 1953) has been expected to salvage the long-lasting deadlocked situation of modern linguistics: i.e., it may shed light on the ...
Reprint
... and for a broad range of phenotypic traits (Avital & Jablonka 2000; Jablonka & Lamb 1995, 2005; Youngson & Whitelaw 2008). In plants, researchers have long recognized that environmental influences can be transmitted across generations ( Jablonka & Lamb 1995, Johannes et al. 2008). Likewise, in animal ...
... and for a broad range of phenotypic traits (Avital & Jablonka 2000; Jablonka & Lamb 1995, 2005; Youngson & Whitelaw 2008). In plants, researchers have long recognized that environmental influences can be transmitted across generations ( Jablonka & Lamb 1995, Johannes et al. 2008). Likewise, in animal ...
THE CHARACTER CONCEPT IN EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
... The later experiments on B. anynana have, however, provided several additional insights. First, damage experiments to nonfocal areas of the distal wing blade performed shortly before the end of pattern determination (ca. 24 h after pupation at 27°C) can produce ectopic eyespots which are closely sim ...
... The later experiments on B. anynana have, however, provided several additional insights. First, damage experiments to nonfocal areas of the distal wing blade performed shortly before the end of pattern determination (ca. 24 h after pupation at 27°C) can produce ectopic eyespots which are closely sim ...
Natural selection and the maximization of fitness
... and epistasis complicate the transmission of fitness between parents and offspring. Offspring, while resembling their parents on the whole, inherit a combination of genes that is not a simple replica of either parent. Consequently, a gene that promotes the fitness of a parent can, on finding itself ...
... and epistasis complicate the transmission of fitness between parents and offspring. Offspring, while resembling their parents on the whole, inherit a combination of genes that is not a simple replica of either parent. Consequently, a gene that promotes the fitness of a parent can, on finding itself ...
Natural selection and the maximization of fitness
... recombination and epistasis complicate the transmission of fitness between parents and offspring. Offspring, while resembling their parents on the whole, inherit a combination of genes that is not a simple replica of either parent. Consequently, a gene that promotes the fitness of a parent can, on f ...
... recombination and epistasis complicate the transmission of fitness between parents and offspring. Offspring, while resembling their parents on the whole, inherit a combination of genes that is not a simple replica of either parent. Consequently, a gene that promotes the fitness of a parent can, on f ...