Divergent selection and heterogeneous genomic
... pairs [‘isolation by adaptation’ (IBA)]. The latter pattern arises because as adaptive divergence increases, gene flow is reduced (thereby promoting drift) and genetic hitchhiking increased. Here, we review and integrate these previously disconnected concepts and literatures. We find that studies ge ...
... pairs [‘isolation by adaptation’ (IBA)]. The latter pattern arises because as adaptive divergence increases, gene flow is reduced (thereby promoting drift) and genetic hitchhiking increased. Here, we review and integrate these previously disconnected concepts and literatures. We find that studies ge ...
Horizontal transfer of non-LTR retrotransposons: artifact or rare event
... 2008). For example, HT of CR1B elements was identified along with the analysis of non-LTR retrotransposons diversity in Maculinea genomes. Bioinformatic approaches can greatly expand opportunities to observe the distribution and evolutionary history of non-LTR retrotransposons in various eukaryotic ...
... 2008). For example, HT of CR1B elements was identified along with the analysis of non-LTR retrotransposons diversity in Maculinea genomes. Bioinformatic approaches can greatly expand opportunities to observe the distribution and evolutionary history of non-LTR retrotransposons in various eukaryotic ...
Escherichia coli rpoB Mutants Have Increased
... compare the evolvability—defined as the fitness increase realized by an evolving population initiated from a test genotype—of a series of Escherichia coli mutants on multiple timescales. Each mutant differs from a common progenitor strain by a mutation in the rpoB gene, which encodes the b subunit o ...
... compare the evolvability—defined as the fitness increase realized by an evolving population initiated from a test genotype—of a series of Escherichia coli mutants on multiple timescales. Each mutant differs from a common progenitor strain by a mutation in the rpoB gene, which encodes the b subunit o ...
The evolution of mutation rate in sexual populations during
... facilitates evolution, has been shown to be subjected to selection under conditions that favor an increased rate of local adaptation, e.g. under increasing environmental stochasticity and stress (Earl and Deem 2004; Kashtan et al. 2007; Lee and Gelembiuk 2008). One example is the evolution of mutati ...
... facilitates evolution, has been shown to be subjected to selection under conditions that favor an increased rate of local adaptation, e.g. under increasing environmental stochasticity and stress (Earl and Deem 2004; Kashtan et al. 2007; Lee and Gelembiuk 2008). One example is the evolution of mutati ...
The evolution of sex chromosomes in organisms with separate
... only if there are selective differences between haploid males and females (i.e., if U A /Ua = V A /Va ), otherwise the fusion is neutral (with a leading eigenvalue of one). Assuming that there are sexspecific differences in selection in the haploid phase, a fusion with the U chromosome will be favo ...
... only if there are selective differences between haploid males and females (i.e., if U A /Ua = V A /Va ), otherwise the fusion is neutral (with a leading eigenvalue of one). Assuming that there are sexspecific differences in selection in the haploid phase, a fusion with the U chromosome will be favo ...
The population genetics of mutations: good, bad and indifferent
... on fitness, and wide differences exist in the strength of other evolutionary forces that operate on populations. This generates an array of complex phenomena that continues to challenge our capacity to mechanistically understand evolution. To make problems tractable, theoreticians have divided the p ...
... on fitness, and wide differences exist in the strength of other evolutionary forces that operate on populations. This generates an array of complex phenomena that continues to challenge our capacity to mechanistically understand evolution. To make problems tractable, theoreticians have divided the p ...
The Evolutionary Unfolding of Complexity
... \rugged landscapes" 28,32]. These are tness functions with wildly uctuating tnesses even at the smallest scales of single-point mutations. Consequently, it is generally assumed that these \landscapes" possess a large number of local optima. With this picture in mind, the common interpretation of ...
... \rugged landscapes" 28,32]. These are tness functions with wildly uctuating tnesses even at the smallest scales of single-point mutations. Consequently, it is generally assumed that these \landscapes" possess a large number of local optima. With this picture in mind, the common interpretation of ...
Article The Pseudoautosomal Regions of the U/V Sex
... due to their being genetically linked to the nonrecombining, sex-determining region. This phenomenon is expected to occur in both diploid (XY, ZW) and haploid (UV) sexual systems, with slightly different consequences for UV sexual systems because of the absence of masking during the haploid phase (w ...
... due to their being genetically linked to the nonrecombining, sex-determining region. This phenomenon is expected to occur in both diploid (XY, ZW) and haploid (UV) sexual systems, with slightly different consequences for UV sexual systems because of the absence of masking during the haploid phase (w ...
Heliconius wing patterns: an evo-devo model for understanding
... Initially, the observation that adaptive variation in wing patterns in Heliconius was the result of a small number of major ‘switch’ loci was thought to be an unusual artefact of Müllerian mimicry selection, where the adaptive landscape was envisioned to be more rugged than that for most adaptive t ...
... Initially, the observation that adaptive variation in wing patterns in Heliconius was the result of a small number of major ‘switch’ loci was thought to be an unusual artefact of Müllerian mimicry selection, where the adaptive landscape was envisioned to be more rugged than that for most adaptive t ...
Classification of Hypotheses on the Advantage of Amphimixis
... and I hope that this classification will help organize the variety of ideas. Only a few early works will be cited (see Farley 1982; Mooney 1992). Consideration of each hypothesis and of its possible significance will be brief. I ask those who favor hypotheses that will be dismissed in one or two sen ...
... and I hope that this classification will help organize the variety of ideas. Only a few early works will be cited (see Farley 1982; Mooney 1992). Consideration of each hypothesis and of its possible significance will be brief. I ask those who favor hypotheses that will be dismissed in one or two sen ...
Reduced X-linked nucleotide polymorphism in Drosophila simulans
... Population genetic theory predicts that selectively driven changes of allele frequency for both beneficial and deleterious mutants reduce polymorphism at tightly linked sites. All else being equal, these reductions in polymorphism are expected to be greater when recombination rates are lower. Theref ...
... Population genetic theory predicts that selectively driven changes of allele frequency for both beneficial and deleterious mutants reduce polymorphism at tightly linked sites. All else being equal, these reductions in polymorphism are expected to be greater when recombination rates are lower. Theref ...
Experimental studies of deleterious mutation in Saccharomyces
... become endangered by inbreeding depression if out-crossing becomes less frequent [8]. Another intuitively obvious consequence of spontaneous mutation is degeneration of chromosomes such as mammalian Y, which cannot be repaired by recombination with homologues [7]. Although the most obvious consequen ...
... become endangered by inbreeding depression if out-crossing becomes less frequent [8]. Another intuitively obvious consequence of spontaneous mutation is degeneration of chromosomes such as mammalian Y, which cannot be repaired by recombination with homologues [7]. Although the most obvious consequen ...
Genome duplications and accelerated evolution of
... the characterization of Hox-positive clones from genomic libraries which, although laborious and time-consuming, provides extensive DNA sequence data for coding and non-coding regions, as well as unambiguous information about gene assignments and cluster composition. Among teleost fishes, this sort ...
... the characterization of Hox-positive clones from genomic libraries which, although laborious and time-consuming, provides extensive DNA sequence data for coding and non-coding regions, as well as unambiguous information about gene assignments and cluster composition. Among teleost fishes, this sort ...
The genetical theory of social behaviour
... derivation of Hamilton’s [2] first insight in its most attractive form: a description of the result of natural selection on the evolution of a trait that affects its carrier as well as other individuals in the population (i.e. a social behaviour with possible interactions among phenotypes) and that ...
... derivation of Hamilton’s [2] first insight in its most attractive form: a description of the result of natural selection on the evolution of a trait that affects its carrier as well as other individuals in the population (i.e. a social behaviour with possible interactions among phenotypes) and that ...
The genetical theory of social behaviour
... derivation of Hamilton’s [2] first insight in its most attractive form: a description of the result of natural selection on the evolution of a trait that affects its carrier as well as other individuals in the population (i.e. a social behaviour with possible interactions among phenotypes) and that ...
... derivation of Hamilton’s [2] first insight in its most attractive form: a description of the result of natural selection on the evolution of a trait that affects its carrier as well as other individuals in the population (i.e. a social behaviour with possible interactions among phenotypes) and that ...
The genetical theory of social behaviour
... derivation of Hamilton’s [2] first insight in its most attractive form: a description of the result of natural selection on the evolution of a trait that affects its carrier as well as other individuals in the population (i.e. a social behaviour with possible interactions among phenotypes) and that ...
... derivation of Hamilton’s [2] first insight in its most attractive form: a description of the result of natural selection on the evolution of a trait that affects its carrier as well as other individuals in the population (i.e. a social behaviour with possible interactions among phenotypes) and that ...
The cost of antibiotic resistance depends on evolutionary history
... Background: The persistence of antibiotic resistance depends on the fitness effects of resistance elements in the absence of antibiotics. Recent work shows that the fitness effect of a given resistance mutation is influenced by other resistance mutations on the same genome. However, resistant bacter ...
... Background: The persistence of antibiotic resistance depends on the fitness effects of resistance elements in the absence of antibiotics. Recent work shows that the fitness effect of a given resistance mutation is influenced by other resistance mutations on the same genome. However, resistant bacter ...
Evolutionary dynamics of RNA-like replicator systems
... reactions occurring in the cell. Nevertheless, RNA molecules are the actual catalyst of protein synthesis, one of the most vital reactions for life. It seems as if this role of RNA is a historical contingency. The second implication is that not only proteins, but also RNA can function as an efficien ...
... reactions occurring in the cell. Nevertheless, RNA molecules are the actual catalyst of protein synthesis, one of the most vital reactions for life. It seems as if this role of RNA is a historical contingency. The second implication is that not only proteins, but also RNA can function as an efficien ...
the mutation matrix and the evolution of evolvability
... promoted stability of the orientation of the G-matrix. In contrast, stability in the overall size and eccentricity of the G-matrix was increased only by population size (Jones et al. 2003). The addition of a moving optimum led to two important new insights (Jones et al. 2004). First, evolution along ...
... promoted stability of the orientation of the G-matrix. In contrast, stability in the overall size and eccentricity of the G-matrix was increased only by population size (Jones et al. 2003). The addition of a moving optimum led to two important new insights (Jones et al. 2004). First, evolution along ...
the long-term evolution of multilocus traits under frequency
... effect of frequency-dependent disruptive selection for realistic genetic settings. Despite the fact that frequency-dependent selection has been included in the theory of population genetics right from its conception (Fisher, 1930), most of population genetics theory assumes constant fitness values ( ...
... effect of frequency-dependent disruptive selection for realistic genetic settings. Despite the fact that frequency-dependent selection has been included in the theory of population genetics right from its conception (Fisher, 1930), most of population genetics theory assumes constant fitness values ( ...
Evolution of meiosis genes in sexual vs. asexual Potamopyrgus
... sexual reproduction should have little or no functional relevance for asexuals, I can use this approach to study the effects of asexuality on the evolution of genes required only for sexual reproduction, which has implications for genome evolution in the absence of sex. I discovered that genes neces ...
... sexual reproduction should have little or no functional relevance for asexuals, I can use this approach to study the effects of asexuality on the evolution of genes required only for sexual reproduction, which has implications for genome evolution in the absence of sex. I discovered that genes neces ...
The Mean Between Meme and Gene Comparison
... to the complex structures of DNA as the vehicle for genes is complex brain structures or a homeobox. He recognizes that while genes have a “strong alignment of semantic and syntactical identity,” giving rise to a “genetic language, in which meaning is (roughly) preserved across all species,” memes a ...
... to the complex structures of DNA as the vehicle for genes is complex brain structures or a homeobox. He recognizes that while genes have a “strong alignment of semantic and syntactical identity,” giving rise to a “genetic language, in which meaning is (roughly) preserved across all species,” memes a ...
ADAPTATION AND MALADAPTATION IN SELFING AND
... some mutations strongly selected when Ne is large can become nearly neutral when Ne is smaller. U should thus weakly decrease with F, however, in highly selfing species, nearly neutral mutations can also reduced Ne through Muller’s ratchet (Charlesworth et al. 1993b), which is not taken into account ...
... some mutations strongly selected when Ne is large can become nearly neutral when Ne is smaller. U should thus weakly decrease with F, however, in highly selfing species, nearly neutral mutations can also reduced Ne through Muller’s ratchet (Charlesworth et al. 1993b), which is not taken into account ...
Biological Altruism
... altruists will be at a selective disadvantage relative to their selfish colleagues, but the fitness of the group as a whole will be enhanced by the presence of altruists. Groups composed only or mainly of selfish organisms go extinct, leaving behind groups containing altruists. In the example of the ...
... altruists will be at a selective disadvantage relative to their selfish colleagues, but the fitness of the group as a whole will be enhanced by the presence of altruists. Groups composed only or mainly of selfish organisms go extinct, leaving behind groups containing altruists. In the example of the ...
Genome-wide deleterious mutation favors dispersal and
... average fitness) decreases with deme size. This is because selection becomes less effective as population size decreases. On balance, the increased exposure of recessive alleles caused by inbreeding does not compensate for the reduced power of selection due to finite population size. The average fit ...
... average fitness) decreases with deme size. This is because selection becomes less effective as population size decreases. On balance, the increased exposure of recessive alleles caused by inbreeding does not compensate for the reduced power of selection due to finite population size. The average fit ...