A disproportionate role for mtDNA in DobzhanskyMuller
... Dobzhansky–Muller (DM) model nicely accounts for the evolution of such incompatibilities. Although DM incompatibilities were originally conceived as resulting of interactions between nuclear genes, recent studies have documented cases where incompatibilities have arisen between nuclear and mitochond ...
... Dobzhansky–Muller (DM) model nicely accounts for the evolution of such incompatibilities. Although DM incompatibilities were originally conceived as resulting of interactions between nuclear genes, recent studies have documented cases where incompatibilities have arisen between nuclear and mitochond ...
Genomics of adaptation and speciation in cichlid fishes: recent
... [37] found that, although the expression of the gene Mc1r (a common candidate gene for coloration [35]) was upregulated in the skin of gold fishes, comparative genomic analyses identified no sequence polymorphism in Mc1r between gold and dark Midas cichlids. Further, none of the nearby single nucleo ...
... [37] found that, although the expression of the gene Mc1r (a common candidate gene for coloration [35]) was upregulated in the skin of gold fishes, comparative genomic analyses identified no sequence polymorphism in Mc1r between gold and dark Midas cichlids. Further, none of the nearby single nucleo ...
Darwinian Populations and Natural Selection Homunculi Rule
... recipes, are properly seen to be the information carried by one physical vehicle or another, translatable into different media, and properly (and unproblematically) abstract. Don’t ask what a poem weighs, or what physical elements it is made of, and don’t make the parallel mistake of thinking that g ...
... recipes, are properly seen to be the information carried by one physical vehicle or another, translatable into different media, and properly (and unproblematically) abstract. Don’t ask what a poem weighs, or what physical elements it is made of, and don’t make the parallel mistake of thinking that g ...
A role for genetic accommodation in evolution?
... that the differential phenotypic expression of the etherinduced bithorax phenotype is caused by genetic polymorphisms in the Ubx (Ultrabithorax) gene, with the loss of expression of the UBX protein in the third thoracic imaginal discs correlating with increased sensitivity to ether. Thus, this exper ...
... that the differential phenotypic expression of the etherinduced bithorax phenotype is caused by genetic polymorphisms in the Ubx (Ultrabithorax) gene, with the loss of expression of the UBX protein in the third thoracic imaginal discs correlating with increased sensitivity to ether. Thus, this exper ...
Divergent Evolution and Evolution by the Birth-and
... The total number of Vu and outgroup genes used for our study of long-term evolution was 57, and they are listed in table 1. We used the germ-line sequences whenever possible, to avoid the effect of somatic mutation ( Tonegawa 1983 ) . In a few species, however, we used cDNA, because germ-line genes ...
... The total number of Vu and outgroup genes used for our study of long-term evolution was 57, and they are listed in table 1. We used the germ-line sequences whenever possible, to avoid the effect of somatic mutation ( Tonegawa 1983 ) . In a few species, however, we used cDNA, because germ-line genes ...
Unscientific ideas about evolution in Life Sciences curriculum
... the structure and coherence of conceptual frameworks are formulated by the researcher using insights from elsewhere to meet the demands of their particular research problems. It is therefore inappropriate to view conceptual frameworks for previous research studies as authorities which are already fo ...
... the structure and coherence of conceptual frameworks are formulated by the researcher using insights from elsewhere to meet the demands of their particular research problems. It is therefore inappropriate to view conceptual frameworks for previous research studies as authorities which are already fo ...
Adaptive Speciation: Introduction
... (Chapter 3 in Dieckmann et al. 2004), disruptive selection through frequency-dependent interactions typically occurs only for a very restricted range of parameters. However, recent theoretical advances, based on a more dynamic view of the interplay between a population’s evolution and its environmen ...
... (Chapter 3 in Dieckmann et al. 2004), disruptive selection through frequency-dependent interactions typically occurs only for a very restricted range of parameters. However, recent theoretical advances, based on a more dynamic view of the interplay between a population’s evolution and its environmen ...
Molecular Signatures of Natural Selection for Polymorphic Genes of
... that can be distinct both from positive selection and from neutral processes: deep coalescence times for gene genealogies, characteristic allele frequency spectra, with alleles maintained at intermediate frequencies, or even polymorphisms shared among species that predate their speciation (Key et al ...
... that can be distinct both from positive selection and from neutral processes: deep coalescence times for gene genealogies, characteristic allele frequency spectra, with alleles maintained at intermediate frequencies, or even polymorphisms shared among species that predate their speciation (Key et al ...
Is Drift a Serious Alternative to Natural Selection
... understand the idea of drift in a way that is somewhat nonstandard. The usual formulation is in terms of random genetic drift; however, the problem I want to address concerns fur length, which is a phenotype. To decide how random genetic drift would influence the evolution of this phenotype, we’d ha ...
... understand the idea of drift in a way that is somewhat nonstandard. The usual formulation is in terms of random genetic drift; however, the problem I want to address concerns fur length, which is a phenotype. To decide how random genetic drift would influence the evolution of this phenotype, we’d ha ...
Population genetics and the modern synthesis of evolutionary theory
... − inversion mutation: a portion of DNA gets flipped around backwards − The point about mutations: mutations produce new alleles in various ways − usually harmful − but on very rare occasions, a mutation may produce a beneficial change − if a mutation occurs in a normal body cell, it usually has litt ...
... − inversion mutation: a portion of DNA gets flipped around backwards − The point about mutations: mutations produce new alleles in various ways − usually harmful − but on very rare occasions, a mutation may produce a beneficial change − if a mutation occurs in a normal body cell, it usually has litt ...
Vertebrate genomics : More fishy tales about Hox genes
... number of Hox clusters is fixed among chordates. This was first shown by Aparicio et al. [4], who found that the puffer fish Fugu has only 31 Hox genes — rather than the expected 39, typical of land vertebrates — arranged in four gene clusters. As Fugu has not only an unusually small genome, but als ...
... number of Hox clusters is fixed among chordates. This was first shown by Aparicio et al. [4], who found that the puffer fish Fugu has only 31 Hox genes — rather than the expected 39, typical of land vertebrates — arranged in four gene clusters. As Fugu has not only an unusually small genome, but als ...
gradEs 5-12 - Smithsonian`s Human Origins
... Over a long period of time, as early humans adapted to a changing world, they evolved certain traits that help define our species today. This exhibit focuses on several human traits that evolved over the past 6 million years. As you and your students explore the scientific evidence, you will discove ...
... Over a long period of time, as early humans adapted to a changing world, they evolved certain traits that help define our species today. This exhibit focuses on several human traits that evolved over the past 6 million years. As you and your students explore the scientific evidence, you will discove ...
Adaptive value of sex in microbial pathogens
... selects for sex, but only if the fluctuations are rapid (Barton, 1995; Gandon and Otto, 2007). Data from pathogens bearing on the host–parasite model will be discussed below. Because of these and other problems with the negative epistasis model, some workers in this area favor selection and chance e ...
... selects for sex, but only if the fluctuations are rapid (Barton, 1995; Gandon and Otto, 2007). Data from pathogens bearing on the host–parasite model will be discussed below. Because of these and other problems with the negative epistasis model, some workers in this area favor selection and chance e ...
The Evolution of Genetic Architecture
... as a reference point and how one could translate from one reference genotype to another (see also Barton & Turelli 2004). Genetic effects are not only relative to a reference genotype, but also to a scale of measurement, which will depend on the trait in question. For fitness, which is inherently on ...
... as a reference point and how one could translate from one reference genotype to another (see also Barton & Turelli 2004). Genetic effects are not only relative to a reference genotype, but also to a scale of measurement, which will depend on the trait in question. For fitness, which is inherently on ...
Natural Selection and Neutral Evolution Jointly Drive Population
... evolution is an important step in addressing alternate explanations for population differentiation at outlier loci, which are more likely in structured populations [32]. In this study, we conduct a genome scan for putative signatures of natural selection between alpine and lowland ecotypes of the al ...
... evolution is an important step in addressing alternate explanations for population differentiation at outlier loci, which are more likely in structured populations [32]. In this study, we conduct a genome scan for putative signatures of natural selection between alpine and lowland ecotypes of the al ...
The Relation between Multilocus Population Genetics and Social
... next generation in order to calculate how this changes in subsequent generations. For example, even if we understand how trait value maps to relative fitness in subsequent generations, we do not know how the variance in trait values has changed between the parent and offspring generations, and there ...
... next generation in order to calculate how this changes in subsequent generations. For example, even if we understand how trait value maps to relative fitness in subsequent generations, we do not know how the variance in trait values has changed between the parent and offspring generations, and there ...
Taller plants have lower rates of molecular evolution
... vast majority of variation in rates of molecular evolution among plants remains both unexplored and unexplained. Body size is fundamentally important to multiple aspects of the ecology, physiology and evolution of both animals and plants7–10. Because of this, analysing and understanding the relation ...
... vast majority of variation in rates of molecular evolution among plants remains both unexplored and unexplained. Body size is fundamentally important to multiple aspects of the ecology, physiology and evolution of both animals and plants7–10. Because of this, analysing and understanding the relation ...
perspectives - University of Arizona | Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
... Two traits, Beaded and Truncate wings were particularly troublesome. In a masterful genetic analysis, by far the most detailed at the time, Muller and Edgar Altenburg11,12 identified the individual units that affected these traits and found how they interacted. They pointed out that variability was ...
... Two traits, Beaded and Truncate wings were particularly troublesome. In a masterful genetic analysis, by far the most detailed at the time, Muller and Edgar Altenburg11,12 identified the individual units that affected these traits and found how they interacted. They pointed out that variability was ...
- Wiley Online Library
... then each female has both a target phenotype, pt , and an avoided phenotype, pa . Her preferred phenotype is shifted away from pt in the direction opposite pa (Fig. 1B). Females of many species assess potential mates relative to other males that they have observed (Gibson and Langen 1996; Rebar et a ...
... then each female has both a target phenotype, pt , and an avoided phenotype, pa . Her preferred phenotype is shifted away from pt in the direction opposite pa (Fig. 1B). Females of many species assess potential mates relative to other males that they have observed (Gibson and Langen 1996; Rebar et a ...
How many lethal alleles? - University of Edinburgh
... population is important for our understanding of population genetics and evolution, and yet there have been few attempts to measure their number in wild populations. A new study has revealed unexpectedly low numbers of segregating lethal alleles in two species of fish. More experiments are needed, h ...
... population is important for our understanding of population genetics and evolution, and yet there have been few attempts to measure their number in wild populations. A new study has revealed unexpectedly low numbers of segregating lethal alleles in two species of fish. More experiments are needed, h ...
Mutualism and asexual reproduction influence recognition genes in
... Normark 1996). These modes of reproduction and transmission ensure codependence between the symbiotic partners, but could lead to a reduction in genetic diversity (Rispe & Moran 2000; Mira & Moran 2002). The absence of sexual recombination could also result in an accumulation of mildly deleterious m ...
... Normark 1996). These modes of reproduction and transmission ensure codependence between the symbiotic partners, but could lead to a reduction in genetic diversity (Rispe & Moran 2000; Mira & Moran 2002). The absence of sexual recombination could also result in an accumulation of mildly deleterious m ...
The Effects of Deleterious Mutations on Evolution at
... estimating U has been to measure a fitness-related trait such as viability or fertility, in experiments where lines started from the same initial isogenic stock have fixed mutations independently, an approach pioneered in Drosophila by Terumi Mukai (Mukai 1964; Mukai et al. 1972). Selection against mu ...
... estimating U has been to measure a fitness-related trait such as viability or fertility, in experiments where lines started from the same initial isogenic stock have fixed mutations independently, an approach pioneered in Drosophila by Terumi Mukai (Mukai 1964; Mukai et al. 1972). Selection against mu ...
Periodic Selection and Ecological Diversity in Bacteria
... In the absence of recombination, the adaptive mutation is unable to enter into any other genetic background, and so selection favoring the adaptive mutation drags the entire genome associated with it to fixation. A recent reenactment of this experiment, supported by data from modern molecular biolog ...
... In the absence of recombination, the adaptive mutation is unable to enter into any other genetic background, and so selection favoring the adaptive mutation drags the entire genome associated with it to fixation. A recent reenactment of this experiment, supported by data from modern molecular biolog ...
Natural selection and animal personality
... Between-year fluctuation in selection on personality traits in the great tits is similar to results from other studies on other types of traits (Merilä et al., 2001). This result indicates that selection studies should be performed on the long-term if we want to understand both the immediate consequ ...
... Between-year fluctuation in selection on personality traits in the great tits is similar to results from other studies on other types of traits (Merilä et al., 2001). This result indicates that selection studies should be performed on the long-term if we want to understand both the immediate consequ ...