Tandem duplications and the limits of natural
... overrepresentation of duplications that capture gene sequences vs solely non-coding sequences in D. yakuba (P =0.029) and highly significant for D. simulans (P = 9.044 × 10−5 ). ...
... overrepresentation of duplications that capture gene sequences vs solely non-coding sequences in D. yakuba (P =0.029) and highly significant for D. simulans (P = 9.044 × 10−5 ). ...
1999 paper
... mechanisms for selecting parents and survivors, and an initial population. Each of these components may have parameters, for instance: the probability of mutation, the tournament size of selection, or the population size. The values of these parameters greatly determine whether the algorithm will n ...
... mechanisms for selecting parents and survivors, and an initial population. Each of these components may have parameters, for instance: the probability of mutation, the tournament size of selection, or the population size. The values of these parameters greatly determine whether the algorithm will n ...
WATCHMAKER - World of Biotech
... of special and general relativity, but this does not in itself lead us to oppose these theories! Darwinism, unlike 'Einsteinism', seems to be regarded as fair game for critics with any degree of ignorance. I suppose one trouble with Darwinism is that, as Jacques Monod perceptively remarked, everybod ...
... of special and general relativity, but this does not in itself lead us to oppose these theories! Darwinism, unlike 'Einsteinism', seems to be regarded as fair game for critics with any degree of ignorance. I suppose one trouble with Darwinism is that, as Jacques Monod perceptively remarked, everybod ...
Title: Genetic architecture of contemporary adaptation to biotic
... 2013). These insects exploit a broad variety of host plants from the family Sapindaceae (CARROLL 2007). In North America and Australia different species of soapberry bug show ongoing rapid evolution of their mouthparts (stylets or “beaks”) to better match the seed defense structures of newly introdu ...
... 2013). These insects exploit a broad variety of host plants from the family Sapindaceae (CARROLL 2007). In North America and Australia different species of soapberry bug show ongoing rapid evolution of their mouthparts (stylets or “beaks”) to better match the seed defense structures of newly introdu ...
Dominance and Its Evolution
... highly inbred lines. Such assays are very laborious. By assuming mutation-selection balance, indirect estimates can be obtained from the structure of segregating populations. These estimates, however, are based on additional assumptions that often cannot be checked and also face statistical challeng ...
... highly inbred lines. Such assays are very laborious. By assuming mutation-selection balance, indirect estimates can be obtained from the structure of segregating populations. These estimates, however, are based on additional assumptions that often cannot be checked and also face statistical challeng ...
Positive and Negative Selection on the Human Genome
... of these three classes. Although synonymous and common amino acid SNPs may not all be neutral, this would result in an underestimate of the deleterious fraction. In addition, this measure is independent of any demographic effects, which should influence both the distribution of neutral amino acid an ...
... of these three classes. Although synonymous and common amino acid SNPs may not all be neutral, this would result in an underestimate of the deleterious fraction. In addition, this measure is independent of any demographic effects, which should influence both the distribution of neutral amino acid an ...
garter snake - University of Notre Dame
... TTX. Our notation for alleles includes the numerical designation of the sodium channel family member (i.e. 1.4) followed by a superscript of one letter amino acid abbreviations given in the order those derived allelic substitutions occur in the locus. This nomenclature reflects the molecular differe ...
... TTX. Our notation for alleles includes the numerical designation of the sodium channel family member (i.e. 1.4) followed by a superscript of one letter amino acid abbreviations given in the order those derived allelic substitutions occur in the locus. This nomenclature reflects the molecular differe ...
Directional Selection on a discrete trait
... A greater rate of nonsynonymous substitutions (Ka) than synonymous (Ks) is used as an indication of positive selection (Ka/Ks >1) If Ks > Ka, or Ka/Ks < 1, that would suggest purifying selection, that selection might be preserving amino acid composition ...
... A greater rate of nonsynonymous substitutions (Ka) than synonymous (Ks) is used as an indication of positive selection (Ka/Ks >1) If Ks > Ka, or Ka/Ks < 1, that would suggest purifying selection, that selection might be preserving amino acid composition ...
Massive Changes in Genome Architecture Accompany
... The sex-determining locus of Neurospora tetrasperma (termed mat) is surrounded by a region of suppressed recombination that is 7-fold larger than that of M. violaceum and 70-fold larger than that of C. neoformans (Menkis et al. 2008). From the work presented here, we now know that it includes 2000 ...
... The sex-determining locus of Neurospora tetrasperma (termed mat) is surrounded by a region of suppressed recombination that is 7-fold larger than that of M. violaceum and 70-fold larger than that of C. neoformans (Menkis et al. 2008). From the work presented here, we now know that it includes 2000 ...
How and When Selection Experiments Might Actually be
... Once a putative adaptive pattern has been identified, subsequent experimental work falls into two categories. In the first, manipulative experiments are used to determine whether the observed trait associations might be produced by phenotypic plasticity (e.g., Trexler and Travis, 1990; Trexler et al ...
... Once a putative adaptive pattern has been identified, subsequent experimental work falls into two categories. In the first, manipulative experiments are used to determine whether the observed trait associations might be produced by phenotypic plasticity (e.g., Trexler and Travis, 1990; Trexler et al ...
Recombination and the Frequency Spectrum in
... Recombination and the Frequency Spectrum in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans Molly Przeworski,* Jeffrey D. Wall,† and Peter Andolfatto‡ *Department of Statistics, Oxford University, Oxford, England; †2102 Biological Laboratories, Harvard University; and ‡Institute of Cell, Animal and ...
... Recombination and the Frequency Spectrum in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans Molly Przeworski,* Jeffrey D. Wall,† and Peter Andolfatto‡ *Department of Statistics, Oxford University, Oxford, England; †2102 Biological Laboratories, Harvard University; and ‡Institute of Cell, Animal and ...
Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville
... readjust to an ideal free state, which could then pave the way for another evolutionary shift in adaptation. This study revealed that a species could initially be a generalist, adapted to both habitats, but gradually evolve towards greater specialization, because of the coevolution of habitat select ...
... readjust to an ideal free state, which could then pave the way for another evolutionary shift in adaptation. This study revealed that a species could initially be a generalist, adapted to both habitats, but gradually evolve towards greater specialization, because of the coevolution of habitat select ...
rapid evolutionary escape by large populations from local fitness
... problem of evolutionary escape from such local peaks has been a central problem of evolutionary genetics for at least 75 years. Much attention has focused on models of small populations, in which the sequential fixation of valley genotypes carrying individually deleterious mutations operates most qu ...
... problem of evolutionary escape from such local peaks has been a central problem of evolutionary genetics for at least 75 years. Much attention has focused on models of small populations, in which the sequential fixation of valley genotypes carrying individually deleterious mutations operates most qu ...
An Illustrated Introduction to the Basic Biological
... is to recognize that because evolution is blind and purposeless, incomplete sampling of the possible configurations of the next step is unfavorable to the increase of fitness and complexity. Due to its blindness and purposelessness, evolution does not "know" in advance which path will lead to the in ...
... is to recognize that because evolution is blind and purposeless, incomplete sampling of the possible configurations of the next step is unfavorable to the increase of fitness and complexity. Due to its blindness and purposelessness, evolution does not "know" in advance which path will lead to the in ...
Landscape_Evoles Physics
... Rate of Evolution • dN/dS is conventional measure of rate of evolution due to point mutation • Yeast genes • New genes are evolving more rapidly than old genes • R2 = 0.81 ...
... Rate of Evolution • dN/dS is conventional measure of rate of evolution due to point mutation • Yeast genes • New genes are evolving more rapidly than old genes • R2 = 0.81 ...
Relationship among phenotypic plasticity
... divided by the change in the signal concentration (R = dx/ ds)1. This gives a quantitative measure for the phenotypic plasticity. In general, there can be a variety of ways to change the environmental condition. In this case, one may also use the variance of such response ratios over a variety of en ...
... divided by the change in the signal concentration (R = dx/ ds)1. This gives a quantitative measure for the phenotypic plasticity. In general, there can be a variety of ways to change the environmental condition. In this case, one may also use the variance of such response ratios over a variety of en ...
Let the meme be (a meme) - Historical and Investigative Research
... 1985:75, 2000:153-158), and this is therefore not the litmus test that such critics are looking for. Replication is a red herring. The „selfish meme,‟ like its ancestor the „selfish gene,‟ is another catchy idea (another good meme!), and again a legacy of Dawkins‟. The ancestor concept was developed ...
... 1985:75, 2000:153-158), and this is therefore not the litmus test that such critics are looking for. Replication is a red herring. The „selfish meme,‟ like its ancestor the „selfish gene,‟ is another catchy idea (another good meme!), and again a legacy of Dawkins‟. The ancestor concept was developed ...
Ancient lakes revisited: from the ecology to the genetics of speciation
... Losos (2009) proposed several explanations for this pattern, including the concept of ecological opportunity or the availability of niches in a particular environment. It is generally thought that at the time of colonization, there is a wide range of niches open to utilization, triggering the rapid ...
... Losos (2009) proposed several explanations for this pattern, including the concept of ecological opportunity or the availability of niches in a particular environment. It is generally thought that at the time of colonization, there is a wide range of niches open to utilization, triggering the rapid ...
Genetic and evolutionary analysis of diversification and reproductive
... that introduce evolutionarily significant variation into populations. This is necessary because variation studied in this thesis looks at different types of mutations (i.e., single nucleotide replacements, copy number changes). The introduction then moves to the evolutionary events (i.e. drift and s ...
... that introduce evolutionarily significant variation into populations. This is necessary because variation studied in this thesis looks at different types of mutations (i.e., single nucleotide replacements, copy number changes). The introduction then moves to the evolutionary events (i.e. drift and s ...
Mutation Accumulation in Populations of Varying Size
... (see Degtyareva et al. 2002 for details). This procedure produced a strain with minimal residual levels of transposition, within which the msh-2 allele occurred in a nearly entirely N2 genetic background. Prior to this experiment, the strain was further backcrossed to N2 and inbred by self-fertiliza ...
... (see Degtyareva et al. 2002 for details). This procedure produced a strain with minimal residual levels of transposition, within which the msh-2 allele occurred in a nearly entirely N2 genetic background. Prior to this experiment, the strain was further backcrossed to N2 and inbred by self-fertiliza ...
phenotypic correlations - Watson et al (v91)
... Mechanistically, phenotypic correlations in natural organisms arise in a number of different ways from interference between expression pathways, or transcription factors in a gene regulation network (GRN) (effecting correlated or anti-correlated gene activity levels), to the physiological interactio ...
... Mechanistically, phenotypic correlations in natural organisms arise in a number of different ways from interference between expression pathways, or transcription factors in a gene regulation network (GRN) (effecting correlated or anti-correlated gene activity levels), to the physiological interactio ...
Temporal Variation Can Facilitate Niche Evolution in Harsh
... conditions outside its niche. Sink populations persist because of recurrent immigration from sources. Prior studies have highlighted the importance of demographic constraints on adaptive evolution in sinks and revealed that adaptation is less likely in harsher sinks. We examine two complementary mod ...
... conditions outside its niche. Sink populations persist because of recurrent immigration from sources. Prior studies have highlighted the importance of demographic constraints on adaptive evolution in sinks and revealed that adaptation is less likely in harsher sinks. We examine two complementary mod ...
Genetic drift vs. natural selection in a long-term small
... Hedrick 2003). Mhc alleles are typically trans-specific, persisting much longer than the lifetime of species (Klein et al. 1998; Garrigan & Hedrick 2003). However, once isolated populations become sufficiently small, natural selection become ineffective in the face of rapid genetic drift. In general ...
... Hedrick 2003). Mhc alleles are typically trans-specific, persisting much longer than the lifetime of species (Klein et al. 1998; Garrigan & Hedrick 2003). However, once isolated populations become sufficiently small, natural selection become ineffective in the face of rapid genetic drift. In general ...
Final Exam
... knowledge is at the fore-front of the biological revolution that has characterized the past several decades, and will likely dominate biology, medicine, and policy in the next century as well…. SAQ #2. Please use the term “evolution” in a complete sentence in your own words (i.e. you can’t just copy ...
... knowledge is at the fore-front of the biological revolution that has characterized the past several decades, and will likely dominate biology, medicine, and policy in the next century as well…. SAQ #2. Please use the term “evolution” in a complete sentence in your own words (i.e. you can’t just copy ...