Deep-time parallel evolution of myrmecoid syndrome in
... question in evolutionary biology. Convergence—the acquisition of similar traits in different taxa evolving under comparable selective regimes—provides a compelling argument for predictability in evolutionary change. The most striking convergent systems are recent adaptive radiations, in which indepe ...
... question in evolutionary biology. Convergence—the acquisition of similar traits in different taxa evolving under comparable selective regimes—provides a compelling argument for predictability in evolutionary change. The most striking convergent systems are recent adaptive radiations, in which indepe ...
Population Genetics 6: Natural Selection Natural selection Natural
... Fitness: a measure of an organisms ability to survive and reproduce. Fitness may be measured in relation to viability (the probability of survival from fertilization to reproduction) and mean fertility. Relative fitness: measuring fitness by assigning a fitness value of 1 to the genotype with the h ...
... Fitness: a measure of an organisms ability to survive and reproduce. Fitness may be measured in relation to viability (the probability of survival from fertilization to reproduction) and mean fertility. Relative fitness: measuring fitness by assigning a fitness value of 1 to the genotype with the h ...
Initiation of recombination suppression and PAR formation during
... with an autosome [16, 18]. The short and long arms of their X chromosome (Xp and Xq) consisted of autosome (neo-X) and ancestral X, respectively, and the X chromosome had a large centromeric heterochromatin [16, 18]. The short arm of Y chromosome (Yp) consisted of autosome (neo-Y) in almost region a ...
... with an autosome [16, 18]. The short and long arms of their X chromosome (Xp and Xq) consisted of autosome (neo-X) and ancestral X, respectively, and the X chromosome had a large centromeric heterochromatin [16, 18]. The short arm of Y chromosome (Yp) consisted of autosome (neo-Y) in almost region a ...
Biology 4974/5974 Evolution
... • These phenotypes were favored by selection when planted in the natural habitats occupied by hybrids in the wild. These hybridization events favored ecological divergence. New species adapted to novel environments. ...
... • These phenotypes were favored by selection when planted in the natural habitats occupied by hybrids in the wild. These hybridization events favored ecological divergence. New species adapted to novel environments. ...
Lecture 3: (Part 1) Natural selection
... • a form of selection acting against deleterious (harmful) alleles. • the majority of deleterious alleles are recessive. • purifying selection drives deleterious recessives to low frequencies where they are maintained at mutation-selection balance: rate of introduction = rate of removal by mutation ...
... • a form of selection acting against deleterious (harmful) alleles. • the majority of deleterious alleles are recessive. • purifying selection drives deleterious recessives to low frequencies where they are maintained at mutation-selection balance: rate of introduction = rate of removal by mutation ...
Rapid evolution in response to high4 emperat ure select ion
... beneficial but non-temperature-specific mutations that might enhance adaptation to the culture medium. Also, by studying spontaneous mutants that have increased in frequency gradually by selection rather than mutants obtained by mutagenesis and subsequent screening for extreme phenotypes, one avoids ...
... beneficial but non-temperature-specific mutations that might enhance adaptation to the culture medium. Also, by studying spontaneous mutants that have increased in frequency gradually by selection rather than mutants obtained by mutagenesis and subsequent screening for extreme phenotypes, one avoids ...
Nematode genome evolution
... interesting hypothesis of Barnes et al. (1995) that an ancestor of C. elegans had smaller chromosomes consisting of just "clusters", which later sprouted arms due to proliferation of repetitive DNA. Barnes et al. (1995) noticed that the recombination rate in most C. elegans autosomes differs by a fa ...
... interesting hypothesis of Barnes et al. (1995) that an ancestor of C. elegans had smaller chromosomes consisting of just "clusters", which later sprouted arms due to proliferation of repetitive DNA. Barnes et al. (1995) noticed that the recombination rate in most C. elegans autosomes differs by a fa ...
Mimicry: developmental genes that contribute to speciation
... We were able to obtain offspring only from crosses between male H. melpomene and female H. cydno due to strongly asymmetrical mate preferences. Sterility of F1 females conformed to Haldane’s rule and prevented F2 crosses (Naisbit et al. 2002), so color pattern segregation was examined in backcrosses ...
... We were able to obtain offspring only from crosses between male H. melpomene and female H. cydno due to strongly asymmetrical mate preferences. Sterility of F1 females conformed to Haldane’s rule and prevented F2 crosses (Naisbit et al. 2002), so color pattern segregation was examined in backcrosses ...
6 Social evolution theory: a review of methods and approaches
... Figure 6.1 Three alternative but equivalent methods for solving the puzzle of altruism, via three different concepts. ( a ) Neighbourmodulated fitness: an average bearer of the altruistic genotype ( lighter circle ) will receive benefits ( b, straight arrows ) from other carriers of the altruistic g ...
... Figure 6.1 Three alternative but equivalent methods for solving the puzzle of altruism, via three different concepts. ( a ) Neighbourmodulated fitness: an average bearer of the altruistic genotype ( lighter circle ) will receive benefits ( b, straight arrows ) from other carriers of the altruistic g ...
Molecular Evolution in Nonrecombining Regions of the Drosophila
... Downloaded from http://gbe.oxfordjournals.org/ at Edinburgh University on March 26, 2012 ...
... Downloaded from http://gbe.oxfordjournals.org/ at Edinburgh University on March 26, 2012 ...
Connect with more customers
... Positioned for growth Production mailers must strike a balance between cost-effectively meeting today’s needs and optimising for future growth potential. This can lead to compromises, from investing in more technology than is currently required, to foregoing future opportunities. With the Pitney Bow ...
... Positioned for growth Production mailers must strike a balance between cost-effectively meeting today’s needs and optimising for future growth potential. This can lead to compromises, from investing in more technology than is currently required, to foregoing future opportunities. With the Pitney Bow ...
One vitellogenin gene in an ocean of many: The molecular ecology
... sets of the teleost orthologs revealing a fourth group of orthologs (aqp8ba) in the older teleost lineages. To validate these observations, we re-examined the syntenic relationships of the teleost aqp8 genes in relation to the spotted gar loci (Figure S10). These new data confirmed the syntenic arra ...
... sets of the teleost orthologs revealing a fourth group of orthologs (aqp8ba) in the older teleost lineages. To validate these observations, we re-examined the syntenic relationships of the teleost aqp8 genes in relation to the spotted gar loci (Figure S10). These new data confirmed the syntenic arra ...
The Relative Contributions of the X Chromosome and Autosomes to
... Theoretical models of adaptation have expanded dramatically during the last two decades, and have taken central roles in defining many of the core conceptual questions that currently drive empirical research in evolutionary genetics and genomics. What is the distribution of phenotypic effects among ...
... Theoretical models of adaptation have expanded dramatically during the last two decades, and have taken central roles in defining many of the core conceptual questions that currently drive empirical research in evolutionary genetics and genomics. What is the distribution of phenotypic effects among ...
Echinoderm conundrums: Hox genes, heterochrony, and an excess
... There are distinctive features of the echinoderm Hox cluster and of Hox expression that correlate with the loss of axial registry between embryonic ectoderm and mesoderm that would necessarily have accompanied the evolution of crinoid-type settlement and organ rotation. A case can be made that the m ...
... There are distinctive features of the echinoderm Hox cluster and of Hox expression that correlate with the loss of axial registry between embryonic ectoderm and mesoderm that would necessarily have accompanied the evolution of crinoid-type settlement and organ rotation. A case can be made that the m ...
TEMPO AND MODE OF MULTICELLULAR ADAPTATION IN
... To select for larger size, we increased the strength of settling selection several times during the experiment (illustrated graphically in Fig. S1). The initial experiment was composed of 10 replicate populations in which the entire population was allowed to settle at 1 g in a 25 × 150 mm culture tu ...
... To select for larger size, we increased the strength of settling selection several times during the experiment (illustrated graphically in Fig. S1). The initial experiment was composed of 10 replicate populations in which the entire population was allowed to settle at 1 g in a 25 × 150 mm culture tu ...
File
... • But the effectiveness of this drug will eventually succumb to the power of evolution, too. • Medical experts have found cases of malaria in Southeast Asia that do not respond to artemisinin. ...
... • But the effectiveness of this drug will eventually succumb to the power of evolution, too. • Medical experts have found cases of malaria in Southeast Asia that do not respond to artemisinin. ...
- Wiley Online Library
... maturity), the reproductive value is greater (Q = 6) and the optimal reproductive time later (T,,, = 38) (Fig. lc). As predicted from equations (11) and (12) increasing the virulence of the parasite when the effect on reproduction is small always results in shorter times to optimal reproduction (Fig ...
... maturity), the reproductive value is greater (Q = 6) and the optimal reproductive time later (T,,, = 38) (Fig. lc). As predicted from equations (11) and (12) increasing the virulence of the parasite when the effect on reproduction is small always results in shorter times to optimal reproduction (Fig ...
Evolution of the Y-Chromosome in Primates
... that will, consequently, be identically passed down father to son because its lack of recombination prevents variation on this region. Therefore, without variation natural selection cannot act upon the chromosome because there is no force that can remove the deleterious mutations out of the populati ...
... that will, consequently, be identically passed down father to son because its lack of recombination prevents variation on this region. Therefore, without variation natural selection cannot act upon the chromosome because there is no force that can remove the deleterious mutations out of the populati ...
Article The Developmental Brain Gene NPAS3 Contains the Largest
... evolution of the protein-coding sequence of NPAS3 in the human and primate lineages to detect acceleration or positive selection. Our results show that NPAS3 did not undergo any process of positive selection in the lineage leading to humans (table 2). Altogether, these data reveal that while the cod ...
... evolution of the protein-coding sequence of NPAS3 in the human and primate lineages to detect acceleration or positive selection. Our results show that NPAS3 did not undergo any process of positive selection in the lineage leading to humans (table 2). Altogether, these data reveal that while the cod ...
FFTNS and the shifting balance theory p2
... valley, FFTNS take over and the population moves to the global peak, where 100% have CC genotype. We noted earlier that natural selection cannot get the population across the valley on its own. Two other population genetic forces can provide a means of getting the population across: 1. Strong drift ...
... valley, FFTNS take over and the population moves to the global peak, where 100% have CC genotype. We noted earlier that natural selection cannot get the population across the valley on its own. Two other population genetic forces can provide a means of getting the population across: 1. Strong drift ...
Homologous and Nonhomologous Rearrangements: Interactions
... The Aevol model was developed in our team to study the evolution of genome structure. It simulates the evolution of a population of N artificial haploid organisms with flexible genomes. Although a description of the model has already been published (see Knibbe et al. (2008) and its supp. mat.), we t ...
... The Aevol model was developed in our team to study the evolution of genome structure. It simulates the evolution of a population of N artificial haploid organisms with flexible genomes. Although a description of the model has already been published (see Knibbe et al. (2008) and its supp. mat.), we t ...
Quantitative trait loci and the study of plant domestication
... Genetic basis of DRT Loci of major effect are commonly found in mapping studies of DRT. The size of effect of a QTL is usually determined by the amount of phenotypic variation it explains. The percent variation explained by a QTL, however, does not necessarily correlate with the heritability of a give ...
... Genetic basis of DRT Loci of major effect are commonly found in mapping studies of DRT. The size of effect of a QTL is usually determined by the amount of phenotypic variation it explains. The percent variation explained by a QTL, however, does not necessarily correlate with the heritability of a give ...
Altruism and the evolution of resource generalism and specialism
... concave outwards such that small changes in diet have small incremental changes on fitness. In contrast, consumers are expected to be specialists if the fitness function is concave inwards and small changes in resource use have large fitness consequences. As noted, fundamental to resource specializa ...
... concave outwards such that small changes in diet have small incremental changes on fitness. In contrast, consumers are expected to be specialists if the fitness function is concave inwards and small changes in resource use have large fitness consequences. As noted, fundamental to resource specializa ...
Direct and indirect consequences of meiotic recombination
... genes under predominantly positive selection would experience elevated dN/dS in these regions, whereas those under predominantly negative selection would experience reduced dN/dS. It was argued that these results were consistent with this scenario [36]. However, even in positively selected genes, mo ...
... genes under predominantly positive selection would experience elevated dN/dS in these regions, whereas those under predominantly negative selection would experience reduced dN/dS. It was argued that these results were consistent with this scenario [36]. However, even in positively selected genes, mo ...