The Chicken (Gallus gallus) Z Chromosome Contains at Least Three
... alternatives can currently be tested, as the poor assembly of the repeat-rich chicken W chromosome precludes gene-order analysis, and no antagonistic effects of W genes are known. When a W chromosome physical map becomes available, comparisons with the Z gene order should reveal any inversions that ...
... alternatives can currently be tested, as the poor assembly of the repeat-rich chicken W chromosome precludes gene-order analysis, and no antagonistic effects of W genes are known. When a W chromosome physical map becomes available, comparisons with the Z gene order should reveal any inversions that ...
Gene Loss and Evolutionary Rates Following Whole
... Out of 2,371 human genes with a clear orthology relation to mapped Tetraodon genes, 364 have a phylogenetic profile typical of the WGD in Tetraodon (see Materials and Methods). This gives an estimate of 15% of gene pairs retained after the WGD, that is, loss of one of the paralogs in 85% of pairs. T ...
... Out of 2,371 human genes with a clear orthology relation to mapped Tetraodon genes, 364 have a phylogenetic profile typical of the WGD in Tetraodon (see Materials and Methods). This gives an estimate of 15% of gene pairs retained after the WGD, that is, loss of one of the paralogs in 85% of pairs. T ...
Schlichting, CD and Smith, H
... 2001). A key problem for evaluating adaptive plasticity is sorting functional from non-functional plasticity. Although this is exacerbated by the fact that alternatives to truly adaptive plasticity will be rather scarce in natural populations, recent advances have come from two approaches: employing ...
... 2001). A key problem for evaluating adaptive plasticity is sorting functional from non-functional plasticity. Although this is exacerbated by the fact that alternatives to truly adaptive plasticity will be rather scarce in natural populations, recent advances have come from two approaches: employing ...
Impact of a Short Evolution Module on Students` Perceived Conflict
... instructors do not address religion when teaching evolution, it makes religious students feel excluded (Hermann, 2012). However, we do not know how students in biology classes feel when instructors present evolution and religion as potentially compatible and whether students’ perceptions of the rel ...
... instructors do not address religion when teaching evolution, it makes religious students feel excluded (Hermann, 2012). However, we do not know how students in biology classes feel when instructors present evolution and religion as potentially compatible and whether students’ perceptions of the rel ...
1 Evolution is an ongoing process. 2 Darwin journeyed to a new
... advantage over less-resistant flies because they were the only flies in the population that survived to reproduce. This experiment answers a question that is sometimes perceived as complex or controversial: does evolution occur? The answer is an unambiguous yes. We can watch it happen in the lab whe ...
... advantage over less-resistant flies because they were the only flies in the population that survived to reproduce. This experiment answers a question that is sometimes perceived as complex or controversial: does evolution occur? The answer is an unambiguous yes. We can watch it happen in the lab whe ...
Methods for detecting positive selection and examples among fungi
... Measuring the dN/dS ratio (number of nonsynonymous substitutions over number of synonymous substitutions) provides a direct way to measure the selective pressure acting on codons. Evaluating whether dN/dS is significantly higher than 1 constitutes a test for the action of positive selection. The earl ...
... Measuring the dN/dS ratio (number of nonsynonymous substitutions over number of synonymous substitutions) provides a direct way to measure the selective pressure acting on codons. Evaluating whether dN/dS is significantly higher than 1 constitutes a test for the action of positive selection. The earl ...
Can We Understand Evolution Without Symbiogenesis?
... and also because she was a woman. The traditional English scientific community was not supportive of her work (Sapp 1994; Taylor et al. 1995). However, as society lost a scientist, it gained a children’s story writer. Peter Rabbit and his Friends probably did more for the establishment of an environ ...
... and also because she was a woman. The traditional English scientific community was not supportive of her work (Sapp 1994; Taylor et al. 1995). However, as society lost a scientist, it gained a children’s story writer. Peter Rabbit and his Friends probably did more for the establishment of an environ ...
Can We Understand Evolution Without Symbiogenesis?
... vand also because she was a woman. The traditional English scientific community was not supportive of her work (Sapp 1994; Taylor et al. 1995). However, as society lost a scientist, it gained a children’s story writer. Peter Rabbit and his Friends probably did more for the establishment of an enviro ...
... vand also because she was a woman. The traditional English scientific community was not supportive of her work (Sapp 1994; Taylor et al. 1995). However, as society lost a scientist, it gained a children’s story writer. Peter Rabbit and his Friends probably did more for the establishment of an enviro ...
sex reduces genetic variation: a multidisciplinary review
... given species by maintaining genome system identity. In contrast, the increased diversity at the gene level by meiosis is secondary, as the combination of genes contributes to new features of existing systems rather than altering the system in a fundamental way. Clearly, if it was merely just for in ...
... given species by maintaining genome system identity. In contrast, the increased diversity at the gene level by meiosis is secondary, as the combination of genes contributes to new features of existing systems rather than altering the system in a fundamental way. Clearly, if it was merely just for in ...
1 Title: Long-term natural selection affects patterns of
... Natural selection on regions of the genome that affect traits can also affect the evolution of nearby neutral regions that are less likely to be separated from the selected allele by recombination. For example, levels of diversity are reduced in coding genes and in the regions around genes, likely b ...
... Natural selection on regions of the genome that affect traits can also affect the evolution of nearby neutral regions that are less likely to be separated from the selected allele by recombination. For example, levels of diversity are reduced in coding genes and in the regions around genes, likely b ...
Phenotypic plasticity in development and evolution
... although it is generally acknowledged that phenotypic plasticity can increase organism survival under specific conditions, there is no general agreement on whether plasticity can drive the evolution of novel traits and promote taxonomic diversity, or on whether it has more often the effect of accele ...
... although it is generally acknowledged that phenotypic plasticity can increase organism survival under specific conditions, there is no general agreement on whether plasticity can drive the evolution of novel traits and promote taxonomic diversity, or on whether it has more often the effect of accele ...
Adaptive Evolution of Proteins Secreted during Sperm Maturation
... least one other segment). These 4 groups of genes were defined solely from the Johnston et al. (2005) data. We use the term ‘‘epididymis-specialized’’ to refer to epididymisselective, epididymis-exclusive, and segmentally regulated genes as a group. These terms summarize patterns of expression and d ...
... least one other segment). These 4 groups of genes were defined solely from the Johnston et al. (2005) data. We use the term ‘‘epididymis-specialized’’ to refer to epididymisselective, epididymis-exclusive, and segmentally regulated genes as a group. These terms summarize patterns of expression and d ...
Neutrality: A Necessity for Self
... mapping is not injective) and that neutral variations frequently occur. (A variation is called neutral if it alters the genotype but not the phenotype of an individual.) The potential positive effects of neutrality have extensively been discussed [6, 12, 14, 24] and there is growing interest in inve ...
... mapping is not injective) and that neutral variations frequently occur. (A variation is called neutral if it alters the genotype but not the phenotype of an individual.) The potential positive effects of neutrality have extensively been discussed [6, 12, 14, 24] and there is growing interest in inve ...
Evolutionarily stable disequilibrium: endless dynamics of evolution
... is hierarchically organized, and evolution can operate at multiple levels with conflicting tendencies. Using a minimal model of such conflicting multilevel evolution, we demonstrate the possibility of a novel mode of evolution that challenges the above notion: individuals ceaselessly modify their ge ...
... is hierarchically organized, and evolution can operate at multiple levels with conflicting tendencies. Using a minimal model of such conflicting multilevel evolution, we demonstrate the possibility of a novel mode of evolution that challenges the above notion: individuals ceaselessly modify their ge ...
Neutral and adaptive explanations for an association
... averaged across contexts, for example due to frequency-dependent selection. In other cases one morph is adopted under poor conditions and is therefore maintained also when it exhibits consistently lower fitness on average. The selective dynamics affect the frequency of morphs within populations and ...
... averaged across contexts, for example due to frequency-dependent selection. In other cases one morph is adopted under poor conditions and is therefore maintained also when it exhibits consistently lower fitness on average. The selective dynamics affect the frequency of morphs within populations and ...
Evolutionarily stable disequilibrium: endless
... is hierarchically organized, and evolution can operate at multiple levels with conflicting tendencies. Using a minimal model of such conflicting multilevel evolution, we demonstrate the possibility of a novel mode of evolution that challenges the above notion: individuals ceaselessly modify their ge ...
... is hierarchically organized, and evolution can operate at multiple levels with conflicting tendencies. Using a minimal model of such conflicting multilevel evolution, we demonstrate the possibility of a novel mode of evolution that challenges the above notion: individuals ceaselessly modify their ge ...
Lecture 13. Mutation
... from mutation and viewed as a separate phenomenon, since they occurs regularly and do not produce really novel genotypes. ...
... from mutation and viewed as a separate phenomenon, since they occurs regularly and do not produce really novel genotypes. ...
Symbiosis, Evolvability and Modularity
... with anti-outlaw criteria. The problem of defection was first noted in the context of group selective explanations of altruism (Sober and Wilson 1998), and it has subsequently been applied to the evolution of multi-celled organisms (Buss 1987; Maynard Smith and Szathmary 1995; Michod 1999). To the e ...
... with anti-outlaw criteria. The problem of defection was first noted in the context of group selective explanations of altruism (Sober and Wilson 1998), and it has subsequently been applied to the evolution of multi-celled organisms (Buss 1987; Maynard Smith and Szathmary 1995; Michod 1999). To the e ...
The emergence of humanevolutionary medical genomics
... 2010), and metabolic rate (Snodgrass et al. 2005). This suite of phenotypes subject to population differentiation and selection corresponds closely to the set of traits dysregulated in human metabolic disorders, including hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes, that jointly define ...
... 2010), and metabolic rate (Snodgrass et al. 2005). This suite of phenotypes subject to population differentiation and selection corresponds closely to the set of traits dysregulated in human metabolic disorders, including hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes, that jointly define ...
Synonymous codon bias and functional constraint on GC3
... and non-synonymous sites (17) suggesting that evolutionary forces acting on these neighboring sites are not as independent as has often been historically assumed. Intriguingly, a recent experiment in Methylobacterium extorquens demonstrated that synonymous mutations toward globally favored frequent ...
... and non-synonymous sites (17) suggesting that evolutionary forces acting on these neighboring sites are not as independent as has often been historically assumed. Intriguingly, a recent experiment in Methylobacterium extorquens demonstrated that synonymous mutations toward globally favored frequent ...
Neutrality: A Necessity for Self-Adaptation
... mapping is not injective) and that neutral variations frequently occur. (A variation is called neutral if it alters the genotype but not the phenotype of an individual.) The potential positive effects of neutrality have extensively been discussed [6, 12, 14, 24] and there is growing interest in inve ...
... mapping is not injective) and that neutral variations frequently occur. (A variation is called neutral if it alters the genotype but not the phenotype of an individual.) The potential positive effects of neutrality have extensively been discussed [6, 12, 14, 24] and there is growing interest in inve ...
Chromosomal rearrangements maintain a
... elements can be acquired, either gradually or in a single mutational step7–10,16–19. Chromosomal rearrangements, which can bring genes into closer physical association and influence local recombination, offer one route through which supergenes may be assembled from more loosely linked components7,8, ...
... elements can be acquired, either gradually or in a single mutational step7–10,16–19. Chromosomal rearrangements, which can bring genes into closer physical association and influence local recombination, offer one route through which supergenes may be assembled from more loosely linked components7,8, ...
Many ways of being human, the Stephen J. Gould`s - Isita
... Mayr had deemed it to be “internal” and consistent with the Neo-Darwinian paradigm (Mayr, 1991). In 1972, Eldredge and Gould interpreted it as an authentic turning point in evolutionary thought and in the vision of natural history. The onset of a new species does not just derive from a gradual, gene ...
... Mayr had deemed it to be “internal” and consistent with the Neo-Darwinian paradigm (Mayr, 1991). In 1972, Eldredge and Gould interpreted it as an authentic turning point in evolutionary thought and in the vision of natural history. The onset of a new species does not just derive from a gradual, gene ...
In silico Evolution of Early Metabolism
... Figure 2, is composed of a genetic and a metabolic subsystem. The genetic subsystem is implemented as a cyclic RNA genome. A special sequence motif indicates the start of genes which are of constant length. The RNA sequence corresponding to the “coding sequence” of a gene is folded into the (seconda ...
... Figure 2, is composed of a genetic and a metabolic subsystem. The genetic subsystem is implemented as a cyclic RNA genome. A special sequence motif indicates the start of genes which are of constant length. The RNA sequence corresponding to the “coding sequence” of a gene is folded into the (seconda ...
Lecture PPT - Carol Lee Lab
... Much of the changes are due to trans-regulatory evolution (transcription factors and micro RNAs) Some changes due to gene deletions in the Homo lineage (mostly regulatory regions, like the enhancers ...
... Much of the changes are due to trans-regulatory evolution (transcription factors and micro RNAs) Some changes due to gene deletions in the Homo lineage (mostly regulatory regions, like the enhancers ...