Download Human-Disease_DNA_Analysis-Study

Human Disease/DNA Analysis
Spring 2016
Name: ___________________________________
1. This is the analysis of individuals based on the occurrence of repetitive sequences of
DNA
a. DNA profiling
b. DNA fingerprinting
c. Gel Electrophoresis
d. Both A and B
2. Which of the following statements is not an application of DNA fingerprinting:
a. Indentifying a suspect in a crime
b. Identifying a bacteria in a certain infection
c. Providing evidence regarding the degree of relatedness among members of a
population
d. Determining guilt in the court of law
3. In the 1980’s Alec Jeffries and his colleagues found that certain locations of human
chromosomes are particularly variable in their lengths. This was called:
a. VNTR’s
b. PCR
c. Modification
d. Double-helix
4. Technique in which DNA fragments are forced through a gel:
a. Gel electrophoresis
b. PCR
c. Hybridization
d. VNTR’s
5. For the technique in question 4, shorter fragments will move ____________ through the
gel than longer fragments.
a. Slower
b. Faster
c. The same speed
d. None of these
6. For the technique in question 4, if the fragments separate clearly each lane =
___________________
a. A ladder
b. A smear
c. A rung
d. A helix
7. Some conditions, like heat or strong chemicals, cause DNA to:
a. Smear
b. Tear
c. Denature
d. Renature
Human Disease/DNA Analysis
Spring 2016
Name: ___________________________________
8. When single-stranded segments of DNA or RNA are mixed together under the right
conditions, complementary segments will bind together, or:
a. Denature
c. hybridize
b. Tear
d. renature
9. Which of the following is not a genetic tool used after hybridization:
a. Primers
b. Probes
c. Helicases
d. cDNA (complementary DNA)
10. in this technique, billions of copies of DNA are made in a few hours:
a. Hybridization
c. Gel electrophoresis
b. PCR
d. Denaturation
11. Which of the following is not true about cancer:
a. It is a genetic disease at the cellular level
b. More than 120 kinds of cancer have been identified
c. It is classified by the type of cell that has become cancerous
d. Precancerous growth is called benign growth
12. Which of the following is not a common characteristic of cancer:
a. Most originate in multiple cells
b. It is usually a multistep process
c. Cancerous growth is called malignant
d. Cancer cells can invade healthy cells
13. Pre-cancerous growth is known as:
a. Benign
b. Malignant
c. Invasive
d. Metastatic
14. Metastatic means:
a. Cancer cells migrate to other parts of the body
b. The cells are cancerous
c. The cells are precancerous
d. The cells are clonal
15. Which statistic about cancer is true:
a. In the US, approximately 1 million people are diagnosed with cancer each year.
b. ½ of the billion people diagnosed with cancer will die from it
c. In 5-10% of all cases the predisposition to develop cancer is genetic
d. At least 80% of all human cancers are related to environmental causes
Human Disease/DNA Analysis
Spring 2016
Name: ___________________________________
16. Mutagens that alter DNA in a way that affects the function of normal cells is called:
a. A carcinogen
b. Somatic cells
c. Environmental agents
d. Oncogenes
17. An environmental agent that causes cancer by affecting cell division:
a. Somatic cell
b. Oncogene
c. Carcinogen
d. Proto-oncogene
18. Genes that promote cancer:
a. Somatic cells
b. Oncogenes
c. Proto-oncogenes
d. Carcinogens
19. A normal, non-mutated gene that has potential to become a gene that promotes cancer:
a. Somatic cell
b. Oncogene
c. Proto-oncogene
d. Carcinogen
20. In order for a precancerous gene to become a gene that promotes cancer it must undergo:
a. Mitosis
b. Meiosis
c. Fragmentation
d. Mutation
21. Which of the following is a possible effect of a mutation:
a. The amount of an encoded amino acid is greatly increased
b. A change occurs in the structure of the encoded protein that causes it to be
inactive
c. The encoded protein is inactive in a cell type where it is normally inactive
d. The amount of encoded protein is greatly increased
22. Oncogenes commonly encode _______________ that function in cell growth signaling
pathways.
a. Amino acides
b. Genes
c. Codons
d. Proteins
Human Disease/DNA Analysis
Spring 2016
Name: ___________________________________
23. _______________________ convert proto-oncogenes to oncogenes.
a. Proteins
b. Genes
c. Mutations
d. Amino acids
24. The role of this type of gene is to prevent cancerous growth.
a. Proto-oncogene
b. Oncogene
c. Carcinogen
d. Tumor suppressor gene
25. If a tumor suppressor gene becomes _____________ it becomes more likely that cancer
will occur.
a. Active
b. Malignant
c. Benign
d. In-active
26. This gene is the most commonly altered gene in human cancers.
a. g 52
b. p 53
c. x j 900
d. oncogene
27. about ____ % of all human cancers are associated with defects in the gene mention in
#16.
a. 50
b. 49
c. 51
d. 60
28. The primary role of the gene (from question #16) is to :
a. Determine if a cell has enough protein
b. Determine if a cell has incurred RNA damage
c. Determine if a cell has incurred DNA damage
d. Both B and C
29. Decreasing the mortality rate due to human cancer would not be accomplished by doing
which of the following:
a. Identifying and characterizing oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes
b. Identifying agents in our environment that causes cancer
c. Identifying viruses that cause cancer
d. All of these would likely lower the mortality rate if proper funding were provided
Human Disease/DNA Analysis
Spring 2016
Name: ___________________________________
30. This disease is characterized by uncontrolled cell division.
a. Mitosis
b. HIV
c. Heart disease
d. Cancer
There are 7 different observations associated with the genetic basis of a disease. A few of these
observations are listed below. Choose two only. For these two, explain, using an example, how
the observation leads us to conclude that the disease might be a genetic disease. (3 points each)
A. When an individual exhibits a disease, this disorder is more likely to occur in genetic
relatives than in the general population.
B. Identical twins share the disease more often than non-identical twins.
C. The disease does not spread to individuals sharing similar environmental situations.
D. The human disorder may resemble a disorder that is already known to have a genetic
basis in an animal.
E. A correlation is observed between a disease and a mutant human gene or a chromosomal
alteration.