Download Vocab Review_S14_key

EOC VOCABULARY REVIEW - KEY
BIOCHEMISTRY:
Carbohydrates
Photosynthesis
Anaerobic
HONC
ATP
Monomer
Cellular Respiration
Phospholipids
Organic
Nucleic Acids
Hydrogen
Hydrophobic
Enzyme
ADP
Lipids
Peptide
Hydrolysis
CELLS:
Chlorophyll
Chromosomes
Vacuole
Nucleus
Tissues
Aerobic respiration
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
organelles
Cell
Anaerobic respiration
Alcoholic fermentation
ATP)
Cytoplasm
Meiosis
Homeostasis
1. Sugar, starch & cellulose
2. Food making process in green plants
3. Absence of free atmospheric oxygen;
4. Acronym of the 4 most abundant elements found in all living things (the first letter of each word)
5. High energy storage compound (used by all cells)
6. Term for a single ‘subunit’ in biochemistry
7. Process of transferring energy stored in glucose to ATP
8. Primary component of the cell membrane
9. Compounds that contain carbon are classified as __.
10. DNA and RNA are examples of this type of compound.
11. A weak, but very important bond (can be easily broken)
12. ‘Water fearing’
13. A type of protein that can speed up the rate of a reaction; never used up
14. This molecule is formed when ATP loses one phosphate & releases energy to be used by the cell.
15. fatty acids and glycerol are building blocks of __.
16. Bond formed between two amino acids
17. Using water molecules to break down polymers.
18. Photosynthetic pigment
19. Rod or X shaped structure that controls inheritance
20.Storage tank for H20 & dissolved material
21. Control center of cell activities; found only in eukaryotic cells
22. Made of cells and combines to make up organs
23. Form of respiration that uses 02 to produce ATP (most efficient form of respiration).
24. Site of protein production.
25. Powerhouse of cell ( makes ATP in all eukaryotes); active cells must have MANY of these
26. Basic unit of structure and function of all living things
27. Process in which cells make ATP without oxygen.
28. Term for the above process when performed by yeast cells (products include CO 2, alcohol, 2
29. Cell material found between the cell membrane and the nucleus
30. Cell division that occurs in formation of gametes.
31. Maintaining stable internal conditions (even when the outside conditions are changing).
DNA & Protein Synthesis:
Protein Synthesis
32.
Codons
33.
Transcription
34.
Nitrogen bases
35.
Nucleic Acid (DNA/RNA) 36.
Ribose
37.
Protein (Polypeptide)
38.
DNA
39.
Translation
40.
Double helix
41.
Process that begins with a set of instructions written in DNA & finishes with a chain of aas
Made up of three mRNA nucleotides
Transfer of instructions from DNA to mRNA
Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine & thymine
Nucleotide + nucleotide + nucleotide + nucleotide + nucleotide = ?
Sugar found in RNA nucleotides
Amino acid + amino acid + amino acid + amino acid = ?
Double stranded nucleotides of deoxyribose, phosphate group, and base.
tRNA bonds amino acids in order of a particular protein
Shape of DNA
CELL TRANSPORT:
Osmosis
42. Movement of water through semipermeable membrane
Diffusion or Passive Transport 43. Movement of material across the cell membrane that does not require cell energy
Hypotonic solution
44. Type of solution (found outside a cell) that would cause a cell to swell and burst.
Diffusion
45. Molecules spreading out, moving toward an area of lower concentration.
Facilitated diffusion
46. Form of passive transport that utilizes proteins
Pumps
47. Form of active transport that utilizes proteins
ATP
48. Energy storing molecule needed for active transport.
Equilibrium
49. Balance (equal throughout)
Isotonic solution
50. Solution content equal inside and outside cell
Active Transport
51. Molecules move against concentration gradient
Swell
52. Putting a saltwater fish into a freshwater tank would cause __(what happens to the cells?).
Shrink
53. The affect of placing a plant cell in salt water solution (hypertonic)
4\
CELL REPRODUCTION / GENETICS:
Karyotype
54. Used to count & examine the chromosomes of a single cell; often used to detect genetic disorders
Gamete
55. Term for egg or sperm
Zygote
56. Term for a fertilized egg
Phenotype
57. Physical trait expressed using words
Diploid
58. Somatic or body cells are called __ cells because they have two sets of chromosomes.
Metaphase
59. Lining of chromosomes up at the equator of the cell
Asexual
60. Form of reproduction that limits genetic variation (produces genetically identical daughter cells)
Crossing over
61. Exchange of genetic information between similar chromosomes (happens during prophase I)
Interphase
62. Part of cell cycle in which the cell grows (longest stage of the cell cycle).
Fertilization
63. Union of egg and sperm
Homologous
64. Chromosomes with the same kinds of genes (one is from mom and the other is from dad)
Sex-linked
65. Genes found on the X or Y chromosome
Down’s syndrome
66. 3 - 21st chromosomes, also known as Trisomy 21