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Name _______________________________________________ Block ______ Date ________________ EOC VOCABULARY REVIEW BIOCHEMISTRY: Carbohydrates Photosynthesis Anaerobic HONC ATP Monomer Cellular Respiration Phospholipids Organic Water Nucleic Acids Hydrogen Hydrophobic Enzyme ADP Lipids Peptide Hydrolysis 1. Sugar, starch & cellulose 2. Food making process in green plants 3. Absence of free atmospheric oxygen; 4. Acronym of the 4 most abundant elements found in all living things (the first letter of each word) 5. High energy storage compound (used by all cells) 6. Term for a single ‘subunit’ in biochemistry 7. Process of transferring energy stored in glucose to ATP 8. Primary component of the cell membrane 9. Compounds that contain carbon are classified as __. 10. ‘Universal solvent’ 11. DNA and RNA are examples of this type of compound. 12. A weak, but very important bond (can be easily broken) 13. ‘Water fearing’ 14. A type of protein that can speed up the rate of a reaction; never used up 15. This molecule is formed when ATP loses one phosphate ( & releases energy to be used by the cell). 16. fatty acids and glycerol are building blocks of __. 17. Bond formed between two amino acids 18. Using water molecules to break down polymers. CELLS: Chlorophyll Chromosomes Lysosomes Vacuole Nucleus Tissues Aerobic respiration Nucleolus Mitochondria Cell Anaerobic respiration Alcoholic fermentation Cytoplasm Meiosis Endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome Homeostasis 19. Photosynthetic pigment 20. Rod or X shaped structure that controls inheritance 21. Contains enzymes that break down waste products in the cell. 22.Storage tank for H20 & dissolved material 23. Control center of cell activities; found only in eukaryotic cells 24. Made of cells and combines to make up organs 25. Form of respiration that uses 02 to produce ATP (most efficient form of respiration). 26. Site of ribosome production. 27. Powerhouse of cell ( makes ATP in all eukaryotes); active cells must have MANY of these organelles 28. Basic unit of structure and function of all living things 29. Process in which cells make ATP without oxygen. 30. Term for the above process when performed by yeast cells (products include CO 2, alcohol, 2 ATP) 31. Cell material found between the cell membrane and the nucleus 32. Cell division that occurs in formation of gametes. 33. Transport channel of proteins through cytoplasm 34. Organelle responsible for building proteins. 35. Maintaining stable internal conditions (even when the outside conditions are changing). DNA & Protein Synthesis: Protein Synthesis 36. Codons 37. Transcription 38. Stop codon 39. Nitrogen bases 40. Nucleic Acid (DNA/RNA) 41. Ribose 42. Protein (Polypeptide) 43. DNA 44. Process that begins with a set of instructions written in DNA & finishes with a chain of amino acids Made up of three mRNA nucleotides Transfer of instructions from DNA to mRNA Signals the end of a protein to the ribosome (2 words). Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine & thymine Nucleotide + nucleotide + nucleotide + nucleotide + nucleotide = ? Sugar found in RNA nucleotides Amino acid + amino acid + amino acid + amino acid = ? Double stranded nucleotides of deoxyribose, phosphate group, and base. Name _______________________________________________ Block ______ Translation Double helix Date ________________ 45. tRNA bonds amino acids in order of a particular protein 46. Shape of DNA CELL TRANSPORT: Osmosis 47. Movement of water through semipermeable membrane Diffusion or Passive Transport 48. Movement of material across the cell membrane that does not require cell energy Osmosis 49. Force that causes lettuce to be crisp Hypotonic solution 50. Type of solution (found outside a cell) that would cause a cell to swell and burst. Diffusion 51. Molecules spreading out, moving toward an area of lower concentration. Facilitated diffusion 52. Form of passive transport that utilizes proteins Pumps 53. Form of active transport that utilizes proteins ATP 54. Energy storing molecule needed for active transport. Equilibrium 55. Balance (equal throughout) Isotonic solution 56. Solution content equal inside and outside cell Active Transport 57. Molecules move against concentration gradient Swell 58. Putting a saltwater fish into a freshwater tank would cause __(what happens to the cells?). Shrink 59. The affect of placing a plant cell in salt water solution (hypertonic) CELL REPRODUCTION / GENETICS: Karyotype 60. Used to count & examine the chromosomes of a single cell; often used to detect genetic disorders Gamete 61. Term for egg or sperm Zygote 62. Term for a fertilized egg Phenotype 63. Physical trait expressed using words Diploid 64. Somatic or body cells are called __ cells because they have two sets of chromosomes. Metaphase 65. Lining of chromosomes up at the equator of the cell Asexual 66. Form of reproduction that limits genetic variation (produces genetically identical daughter cells) Prophase I 67. Phase of meiosis responsible for greatest genetic variation Crossing over 68. Exchange of genetic information between similar chromosomes (happens during prophase I) Hormones 69. Chemical substance produced by endocrine system Interphase 70. Part of cell cycle in which the cell grows (longest stage of the cell cycle). Pedigree 71. Chart used to show the pattern of inheritance for one trait in a particular family Allele 72. Varying forms of the same gene (represented by a single letter or symbol). Testosterone 73. Male reproductive hormone Ultrasound 74. Shows position of baby in uterus and developmental stage Fertilization 75. Union of egg and sperm Homologous 76. Chromosomes with the same kinds of genes (one is from mom and the other is from dad) Punnett square 77. Used to predict probability of producing offspring with a particular trait Purebred 78. Homozygous for all traits Incomplete dominance 79. If RR = Red and rr = white, what causes the herterozygote Rr to be expressed as pink Nondisjunction 80. Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate Dihybrid Cross 81. AaBb x AaBb (what type of cross is this?) Sex-linked 82. Genes found on the X or Y chromosome Peas 83. Mendel’s test subjects of his genetic experiments Down’s syndrome 84. 3 - 21st chromosomes, also known as Trisomy 21 EVOLUTION: Fitness 85. Fossils 86. Descent with modification 87. Mutations 88. Determined by an organisms ability to produce offspring Traces or impressions of organisms that were once alive Darwin’s theory that organisms alive today are just changed versions of years past (3 words). Key source of variation which allows organisms to evolve. Name _______________________________________________ Block ______ Sexual Evolution Speciation Natural selection Divergent evolution Vestigial Resistance Embryonic Artificial selection Bacteria 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. CLASSIFICATION: Dichotomous key Taxon Genus Species Eukarya Archaebacteria Animals Cladogram/Phylogeny 99. Key used to identify unknowns (provides 2 options each time) 100. Classification group 101. First word of every scientific name 102. Second word of every scientific name (smallest taxon). 103. Domain made up of all eukaryotes 104. Kingdom of bacteria that live in harsh conditions 105. Multicellular heterotrophs that lack cell walls 106. Classifying organisms based upon their evolutionary relationship Date ________________ Form of reproduction that increases genetic variation (creates new combinations of traits in offspring) A change in a species over time Caused by geographic and reproductive isolation Also known as survival of the fittest Type of evolution that results in homologous structures Structures that no longer serve a function (but at one time did). Organisms not killed by something that is normally fatal to its species may have developed __. Comparison of the features of an unborn child. When man (not nature) decides which organisms get to pass their genes to the next generation (breed) First life forms thought to inhabit earth PLANTS: Pistil 107. Stigma + style + ovary Monocot 108. Veins in leaves parallel; example = grass Seed 109. Embryo and endosperm surrounded by a protective coat Ethylene 110. Gas produced by some plants, which causes fruit to ripen Gymnosperm 111. Term for non-flowering vascular plants… (‘naked seed’) Mesophyll in palisades layer 112. Type of cell in the leaf that contains the most chloroplasts Vascular tissue 113. Xylem and phloem Fruite 114. Ripened ovary Phototropism 115. Growth toward light Waxy cuticle 116. Covering on stem & leaves that prevents water loss Dicot 117. Petals & sepals in multiples of 4 or 5, branching veins in leaves Stamen 118. Anther + filament Hormones 119. Auxin, gibberellins and cytokinin Roots 120. Anchor, storage, takes in water & minerals Photosynthesis 121. Production of glucose from CO2 and H2O Nonvascular plants 122. Moss, liverwort and hornwort Guard cells 123. Opens/closes stomata to allow gas exchange ANIMALS: Vertebrate Mammals Porifera Arthropoda Chordata Reptilia 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. Possessing a backbone Body covered with hair, 4-chamber heart, gives birth to live young Phylum for sponges Phylum for crabs, insects, spiders Phylum for humans, snakes and dogs Class for turtles, alligators and snakes. Name _______________________________________________ Block ______ Date ________________ Amphibia Endotherms 130. Class for frogs, salamanders and toads 131. Term for organisms that regulate their own temperature internally BODY SYSTEMS: Respiratory Circulatory Digestive Integumentary Skeletal Systemic circuit Nervous Diaphragm Kidneys 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. Nasal passages, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli, lungs… Heart & blood vessels Mouth, stomach, intestines… Skin, sweat glands, hair Bones, ligaments, joints Pumps blood away from the heart; carries oxygenated blood. System that maintains homeostasis by reacting to changes in the internal & external environment. Muscle that separated the thoracic and abdominal cavity Filters waste from the blood and send it to the bladder. BEHAVIOR: Diurnal Taxis Reflex Estivation Innate (Inborn) Dominance hierarchy Courtship rituals Hibernation Migration Imprinting Nocturnal Circadian rhythm 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. Active during day Orientation movement; moth to light Automatic response Escape of high temperature and dry periods Behaviors that are present at birth (not learned) Grouping for benefit of members Attracts female birds Escape of low temperature Seasonal movements related to reproduction & food sources; birds & salmon Geese identify scientist as mother Active at night 24 hour ‘biological clock’ that drives our patterns of sleep/activity. ECOLOGY Camoflauge Population Carnivore Producer Primary consumer Parasite Declining population Food web DDT Biological magnification Predator-prey relationship Decomposers Abiotic Symbiosis 10% Exponential Mimicry 152. White rabbit in the artic snow 153. Members of a single species in one area 154. An example would be a hawk eating snake or a mouse eating an insect. 155. Trophic level of a maple tree, moss, fern or algae 156. Trophic level of a grasshopper 157. Tic on a dog or a tapeworm in a pig’s intestines 158.Numbers in a population become so low that extinction is possible 159. Made up of interrelated food chains 160. Pesticide that caused thin-shelled eggs in large birds. 161. Term that describes the increased levels of the above pesticide in these birds. 162. Relationship between the Lynx and the hare 163. Main role of most fungi and bacteria 164. Factors such as temperature, weather, soil and water 165. Organisms interacting and living together in a close association with one another (+, - or 0) 166. Approximate amount of energy transferred from one trophic level to level 167. A pattern of population growth that increases rapidly (i.e. current human populations growth) 168. Looking like a poisonous animal (even though it isn’t). Name _______________________________________________ Block ______ Date ________________ Match one of the choices below with each statement (none will be used twice): It’s about the air! 170. E Condition that results when CO2 in the atmosphere absorbs heat from earth forming an atmospheric blanket. 171. B Flying would be a good way for birds to do this. 172. S Precipitation that contains acid as a result of pollutants combing with water vapor. Eat in or take out! 173. 174. 175. 176. CC Consumers that are not carnivores could be these (ex. Grasshopper). D Feeding levels in an ecosystem are called this G Interconnecting food chains O Bacteria and fungi are examples “BIO” world 177. 178. 179. 180. F Non-living components of an ecosystem AA Term to describe a substance that can be broken down by microorganisms L A branch of science that is the study of life V Living components of an ecosystem “P” words! 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. I Results in killing and eating other organisms C Undesirable change in an ecosystem (ex. Factory emissions) W A substance like DDT that kills insects that damage crops N An organism that can make its own food would be one of theses DD Individuals of the same species in a given area Odds and Ends! 186. U Number of organisms that can be supported by the environment 187. M In the water cycle, this is evaporation from leaf surfaces 188. H Close relationship between two different species (ex: commensalisms, parasitism, mutualism) Places to Live! 189. 190. 191. 192. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. T All the populations of organisms living in a ecosystem BB Consists of abiotic & biotic factors P Physical area where an organism lives X Part of Earth where life exists Succession Migration Pollution Trophic level Greenhouse effect Abiotic Food webs Symbiosis Predation Biogeochemical cycle K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. Ozone layer Biology Transpiration Producer Decomposer Habitat Natural resources Biome Acid rain Community U. Carrying capacity V. Biotic W. Pesticide X. Biosphere Y. Nitrogen fixation Z. Energy pyramids AA. Biodegradable BB. Ecosystem CC. Herbivore DD. Population