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The branch of biology dealing
with interactions among
organisms and between
organisms and their
environment is called
ecology.
Species make up populations,
which make up
communities.
The simplest grouping of more
than one kind of organism in
the biosphere is
a community.
The lowest level of
environmental complexity that
includes living and nonliving
factors is the
ecosystem.
Plants are
primary producers.
The total amount of living
tissue within a given trophic
level is called the
biomass.
What animals eat both
producers and consumers?
omnivores
The repeated movement of
water between Earth’s surface
and the atmosphere is called
the water cycle.
The movements of energy and
nutrients through living
systems are different because
_________ flows in one
direction, and _________
recycle.
Energy, nutrients
Examples of abiotic factor in
the environment are
soil type, rainfall, temperature
What is a biotic factor that
affects the size of a population
in a specific ecosystem?
number and kinds of predators in
the ecosystem
What is an example of how
biotic and abiotic factors
interact?
Tree roots split apart rocks in the
ground.
What is at the base of all
ecological pyramids?
producers
The movement of organisms
into a range is called
immigration
The ______ rate is becoming
higher than the _______rate.
describe a population that is
decreasing in size.
Death, birth
What are two ways a
population can decrease in
size?
increase death rate and emigration
During some kinds of population
growth, the size of each
generation of offspring is larger
than the generation before it. So,
as the population gets larger, it
grows more quickly. This situation
is called
exponential growth.
When the exponential phase of
a logistic growth curve of a
population ceases, population
growth begins to
slow down.
Something that controls the
growth or size of a population
is
a limiting factor.
Fewer individuals will increase
or decrease competition within
a species’ population?
decrease
A disease resulting in the
deaths of one third of a dense
population of bats in a cave
would be a
density-dependent limiting factor.
An example of a renewable
resource is
trees.
They cannot be replaced after
they are used up is true about
__________ resources?
nonrenewable
The gray-brown haze often
found over large cities is called
smog.
Introduced species can threaten
biodiversity because they can
crowd out native species.
Who used a compound
microscope to see chambers
within cork and named them
“cells”?
Robert Hooke
What advance in technology
made the discovery of cells
possible?
the microscope
What organisms are
prokaryotes?
bacteria
Which organelle breaks down
organelles that are no longer
useful?
lysosome
Which structure makes
proteins using coded
instructions that come from the
nucleus?
ribosome
Which organelle would you
expect to find in plant cells but
not animal cells?
chloroplast
Regulating the movement of
materials into and out of the
cell is a function of the
cell membrane
The diffusion of water across a
selectively permeable
membrane is called
osmosis
What means of particle
transport requires input of
energy from the cell?
active transport
Which term describes the
relatively constant internal
physical conditions of an
organism?
homeostasis
A group of similar cells that
perform a particular function is
called
a tissue.
What are the three parts of an
ATP molecule?
adenine, ribose, and three
phosphate groups
Energy is released from ATP
when
a phosphate group is removed.
Organisms, such as plants, that
make their own food are called
autotrophs.
Organisms that cannot make
their own food and must obtain
energy from external sources
are called
heterotrophs
Photosynthesis uses sunlight to
convert water and carbon
dioxide into
oxygen and high-energy sugars.
The Calvin cycle is another
name for the
light-independent reactions.
The Calvin cycle takes place in
the
stroma.
What is a product of the Calvin
cycle?
high-energy sugars
What is the correct equation
for cellular respiration?
6O2 + C6H12O6 ® 6CO2 + 6H2O
+ Energy
What are the products of
cellular respiration?
Water and Carbon dioxide
Cellular respiration is called an
aerobic process because it
requires
oxygen.
The starting molecule for
glycolysis is
glucose.
The starting molecule for the
Krebs cycle is
pyruvic acid.
The Krebs cycle produces
carbon dioxide.
In the presence of oxygen,
glycolysis is followed by
the Krebs cycle.
Cellular respiration uses 1
molecule of glucose to produce
approximately ___ ATP
molecules.
36
Lactic acid fermentation
occurs in
muscle cells.
Breathing heavily after running
a race is your body’s way of
repaying an oxygen debt.
During which phase in the cell
cycle does mitosis happen?
M phase
When during the cell cycle is a
cell’s DNA replicated?
S phase
During which phase of mitosis
do the chromosomes line up
along the middle of the
dividing cell?
metaphase
What is the proper sequence
represents the phases of
mitosis?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase,
telophase
Cancer is a disorder in which
some cells have lost the ability
to control their
growth rate