* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 11-03-11 st bio3 notes
DNA paternity testing wikipedia , lookup
DNA barcoding wikipedia , lookup
DNA sequencing wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics wikipedia , lookup
Human genome wikipedia , lookup
Zinc finger nuclease wikipedia , lookup
Mitochondrial DNA wikipedia , lookup
Comparative genomic hybridization wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
No-SCAR (Scarless Cas9 Assisted Recombineering) Genome Editing wikipedia , lookup
Genomic library wikipedia , lookup
DNA profiling wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
SNP genotyping wikipedia , lookup
Cancer epigenetics wikipedia , lookup
DNA polymerase wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Bisulfite sequencing wikipedia , lookup
Microsatellite wikipedia , lookup
Primary transcript wikipedia , lookup
DNA nanotechnology wikipedia , lookup
DNA damage theory of aging wikipedia , lookup
DNA vaccination wikipedia , lookup
Genealogical DNA test wikipedia , lookup
Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom National DNA Database wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
Epigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Cell-free fetal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid double helix wikipedia , lookup
DNA supercoil wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Helitron (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Bio 11-03-11 ___ OT: reading assignment posted this morning Nov 22: take-home exam will be due at beginning of class -start reading now or you will get lost Lab begins again next Tuesday: DNA fingerprint lab ___ Chapter Five: DNA, Gene Expression, and Biotechnology The DNA 200 -over last 20 years, biology has unlocked DNA secrets -can now read the code -code unique to each person -can be used in a justice world -ex: to free people falsely convicted (thus the DNA 200) -the Innocence Project: if you are convicted of violent crime (for life/death penalty) and you insist you are innocent, we will rerun evidence to see if DNA can prove you are innocent -now over 250 people released through this project/evidence -most convicted on: eye-witness testimony DNA: 3 Things MUST KNOW: 1. Structure 2. How it Works (DNA to Proteins) (Function) 3. How it Replicates (when & where) 2 Import. Features of DNA 1. DNA contains instructions on how to create a body and control its growth/development 2. instructions encoded in DNA molecule are passed down from parents to offspring STRUCTURE OF DNA: -1950's biologists: rush to try to figure out the physical structure of DNA -important names: Watson, Krik, (and Roselyn Franklin though she gets no credit, goes on to have great career -structure indicates replication -sugar/phosphates form the blackbone for the four nucleic acid bases (Adnine, Guanine, Thyamine, Cytocine) running across them - A = T, G = C -thus only need half the DNA code to replicate the other -consists of two plynucleotides twisted in double helix -order of nitrogenous bases (A,G,T,C) in DNA carries/determines genetic info -DNA is nucleic acid, macromolecule that stores info -nucleic acid = DNA and RNA (which is half a DNA strand) Function: -DNA = contain instructions for making proteins -thus considered universal code for all life on Earth -bc everything has DNA and has the same function/rules -the language of DNA is universal -not all DNA contrain's info for protein-making -amount of DNA in organism does not = complexity of org. Coding v. Non-Coding DNA -most DNA in eukaryotes does NOT code for proteins -does have influence though, just starting to understand (ex. perhaps activates other genes) How DNA translates into cell function: -Transcription: taking DNA and turning into RNA so it can work outside nucleus -Translation: how the ribosomes read the RNA to make the proteins in the cell DNA to RNA: -must change so it can escape nucleus -RNA is single strand of DNA -camoflages self with changing certain T's to U's (U = Urasil) 1. Unzip the DNA -taking the DNA apart (into 2) -so that you can read the genes 2. Take the complement -how the bases pair together (A and T, C and G) 3. Replace all of the T's with U's -do this AFTER complement For Tuesday: when coming to class, bring with you: randomly put together strand of DNA with 21 bases Start first one with: TAC Ex: TAC ACG CAT TTG -make in sets of three with space in-between Leave self room underneath ___________ ADD TO YOUR RUNNING BIO3 VOCAB LIST: Gene: piece of DNA that gives the command for a certain characteristic (determines shape of protein, shape of protein determines the characteristic) DNA: a molecule that contains all the org's genetic info to grow and function Chromosome: collection of DNA in your cells, suitcases holding the DNA when the cell divides Genome: your complete collection of DNA/chromosomes in a cell Alleles: different versions of a gene that control the same thing -ex: gene codes for hair color, allele controls WHICH hair color Genotype: all of genes in an organsm (genetic make-up) Phenotype: how the genetic instructions physically play out (physical characteristics)