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TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION
Vocabulary
GENE EXPRESSION
the appearance in a phenotype characteristic or effect attributed to a particular
gene
MUTATIONS
A change in the genetic material of a cell
Can be harmful or beneficial
Mutagen- causes the change such as radiation, smoking, disease etc
DIFFERENT TYPES OF MUTATIONS
Point mutation
DIFFERENT TYPES OF MUTATIONS
Frameshift
RNA POLYMERASE
Links together nucleotides during transcription using DNA as a template
RNA INTERFERENCE
RNAi is a silencing complex. Stops gene expression by turning off the gene.
http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/lsps07.sci.life.gen.rnai/rnai-discovered/
POLYPLOIDY
Organisms has an extra set of chromosomes
Polyploidy plants are usually bigger and stronger
REGIONS ON GENES
Exons
coding regions on genes
Introns
noncoding regions on genes
During transcription, the entire gene is copied
into a pre-mRNA, which includes exons and
introns. During the process of RNA splicing,
introns are removed and exons joined to form a
contiguous coding sequence.
OPERON
A group of genes that are regulated together. They usually have a related function.
Lac Operon turns off expression by binding to the operator.
REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN
PROKARYOTES
PROMOTER
Site where transcription can begin. Helps
RNA polymerase bind to gene site to
start process.
OPERATOR
Blocks or stops transcription
REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN
PROKARYOTES CONT.
TATA Box
A TATA box is a DNA sequence that
indicates where a genetic sequence
can be read and decoded. It is a
type of promoter sequence, which
specifies to other molecules where
transcription begins
HOMEOTIC GENES
Homeotic genes are genes which regulate the development of anatomical structures
in various organisms such as insects, mammals, and plants.
HOMEOTIC GENES
Homeotic genes are genes which regulate the development of anatomical structures
in various organisms such as insects, mammals, and plants.
HOMEOTIC GENES
Homeotic genes are genes which regulate the development of anatomical structures
in various organisms such as insects, mammals, and plants.