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Transcript
Build your own Cell The object of the game is to have your entire class engage in building both types of eukaryotic cells, plant and animal. Direction: 1. Teacher will select 2 students to be the “builder” of the cell. Optional: Provide a list of the organelles. 2. The rest of the class members will receive a function (definition) of an organelle. *At least two copies of each function must be present. 3. The builder has to ask his/her fellow classmates for their function. If the builder needs that organelle for his/her cell, the builder walks the organelle to a designated area. 4. When the first builder is complete, the teacher will check for accuracy. 5. If the cell is correct, ask the class what organelle (provide picture) matches each function; if the cell is incorrect, the organelles return back. * Follow the same direction for the other type of cell. Animal Organelles List 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Cell membrane Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Nucleus Nucleolus Mitochondrion ER 1. Smooth 2. Rough 8. Ribosome 9. Secretory Vesicle 10. Vacuole 11. Centrosome 12. Lysosome 13. Peroxisome 14. Centriole (only in animals) Plant Organelles 1. Cell membrane 2. Cytoplasm 3. Cytoskeleton 4. 5. 6. 7. Nucleus Nucleolus Mitochondrion ER 1. Smooth 2. Rough 8. Ribosome 9. Secretory Vesicle 10. Vacuole 11. Centrosome 12. Lysosome 13. Peroxisome 14. Cell wall 15. Chloroplast Below are some definitions of the organelles and other components found in the eukaryotic cells: * Make sure the definition does not contain the organelles. * Do not have to use all definitions Cell Membrane Doubled layer of phospholipids: Hydrophilic ( water loving) layer Hydrophobic ( water fearing) layer Proteins embedded in the bilayer, which allows sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium to pass through Cytosol The "soup" within which all the other cell organelles reside where most of the cellular metabolism occurs. Though mostly water, it is full of proteins that control cell metabolism Cytoplasm This is a collective term for the cytosol plus the organelles suspended within the cytosol. Cell Wall (plant cells only): Plant cells have a rigid, protective structure made up of polysaccharides. In higher plant cells, that polysaccharide is usually cellulose. provides and maintains the shape of these cells serves as a protective barrier. Fluid collects in the plant cell vacuole and pushes out against this structure. Cytoskeleton: Helps to maintain cell shape. Prevents cell motility. The internal movement of cell organelles, as well as cell locomotion and muscle fiber contraction could not take place without the cytoskeleton. Organized network of three primary protein filaments: o microtubules o actin filaments (microfilaments) o intermediate fibers Nucleus Double membrane Communicates with surrounding cytosol by nuclear pores DNA is present Nucleolus: prominent structure in the nucleus produces ribosomes, which move out of the nucleus and take positions on the rough endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria Provides ATP as a energy source to the cell for movement, dividing, and producing secretory products. Doubled membrane- bound organelles. Chloroplast (plant cells only): specialized organelles found in all higher plant cells. These organelles contain the plant cell's chlorophyll responsible for the plant's green color. a double outer membrane. Within the stroma are other membrane structures - the thylakoids. Thylakoids appear in stacks called "grana" (singular = granum). Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Two types: 1. Smooth ER – Has different functions depending on the cell. One of its functions includes producing lipid and steroid. 2. Rough ER – Ribosomes are present on its surface for transport throughout the cell. Ribosome Composed of a large and a small unit Produces protein Golgi Appartus Stack of membrane-bound vesicles that package macromolecules for transport. Secretory Vesicle Cell secretions - e.g. hormones, neurotransmitters - are packaged at the Golgi apparatus. transported to the cell surface for release. Vacuole: a membrane-bound sac that plays roles in intracellular digestion and the release of cellular waste products. tend to be large in plant cells and play several roles: storing nutrients and waste products, helping increase cell size during growth, even acting much like lysosomes of animal cells. regulates turgor pressure in the cell. Water collects in cell vacuoles, pressing outward against the cell wall and producing rigidity in the plant. Without sufficient water, turgor pressure drops and the plant wilts. Centrosome: MICROTUBULE ORGANIZING CENTER (MTOC), is an area in the cell where microtubles are produced. play similar roles in cell division, and both include collections of microtubules Centriole (animal cells only): a ring of nine groups of fused microtubules. There are three microtubules in each group. are part of the cytoskeleton. Lysosome: Contain hydrolytic enzymes necessary for intracellular digestion. They are common in animal cells, but rare in plant cells. Peroxisome: Membrane-bound packets of oxidative enzymes. peroxisomes play a variety of roles including converting fatty acids to sugar and assisting chloroplasts in photorespiration. peroxisomes protect the cell from its own production of toxic hydrogen peroxide.