Download Build your own Cell

Build your own Cell
The object of the game is to have your entire class engage in building both types of eukaryotic
cells, plant and animal.
Direction:
1. Teacher will select 2 students to be the “builder” of the cell. Optional: Provide a list of
the organelles.
2. The rest of the class members will receive a function (definition) of an organelle. *At
least two copies of each function must be present.
3. The builder has to ask his/her fellow classmates for their function. If the builder needs
that organelle for his/her cell, the builder walks the organelle to a designated area.
4. When the first builder is complete, the teacher will check for accuracy.
5. If the cell is correct, ask the class what organelle (provide picture) matches each function;
if the cell is incorrect, the organelles return back.
* Follow the same direction for the other type of cell.
Animal Organelles List
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Mitochondrion
ER
1. Smooth
2. Rough
8. Ribosome
9. Secretory Vesicle
10. Vacuole
11. Centrosome
12. Lysosome
13. Peroxisome
14. Centriole (only in animals)
Plant Organelles
1. Cell membrane
2. Cytoplasm
3. Cytoskeleton
4.
5.
6.
7.
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Mitochondrion
ER
1. Smooth
2. Rough
8. Ribosome
9. Secretory Vesicle
10. Vacuole
11. Centrosome
12. Lysosome
13. Peroxisome
14. Cell wall
15. Chloroplast
Below are some definitions of the organelles and other components found in the eukaryotic cells:
* Make sure the definition does not contain the organelles.
* Do not have to use all definitions
Cell Membrane




Doubled layer of phospholipids:
Hydrophilic ( water loving) layer
Hydrophobic ( water fearing) layer
Proteins embedded in the bilayer, which allows sodium, potassium,
chloride, and calcium to pass through
Cytosol
 The "soup" within which all the other cell organelles reside
where most of the cellular metabolism occurs.
 Though mostly water, it is full of proteins that control cell metabolism
Cytoplasm
 This is a collective term for the cytosol plus the organelles suspended
within the cytosol.
Cell Wall (plant cells only):
 Plant cells have a rigid, protective structure made up of polysaccharides.
In higher plant cells, that polysaccharide is usually cellulose.
 provides and maintains the shape of these cells
serves as a protective barrier.
 Fluid collects in the plant cell vacuole and pushes out against this
structure.
Cytoskeleton:
 Helps to maintain cell shape.
 Prevents cell motility.
 The internal movement of cell organelles, as well as cell locomotion and
muscle fiber contraction could not take place without the cytoskeleton.
 Organized network of three primary protein filaments:
o microtubules
o actin filaments (microfilaments)
o intermediate fibers
Nucleus
 Double membrane
 Communicates with surrounding cytosol by nuclear pores
 DNA is present
Nucleolus:
 prominent structure in the nucleus
 produces ribosomes, which move out of the nucleus and take positions on
the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
 Provides ATP as a energy source to the cell for movement, dividing, and
producing secretory products.
 Doubled membrane- bound organelles.
Chloroplast (plant cells only):
 specialized organelles found in all higher plant cells.
 These organelles contain the plant cell's chlorophyll responsible for the
plant's green color.
 a double outer membrane.
 Within the stroma are other membrane structures - the thylakoids.
 Thylakoids appear in stacks called "grana" (singular = granum).
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Two types:
1. Smooth ER – Has different functions depending on
the cell. One of its functions includes producing lipid
and steroid.
2. Rough ER – Ribosomes are present on its surface for
transport throughout the cell.
Ribosome
 Composed of a large and a small unit
 Produces protein
 Golgi Appartus
 Stack of membrane-bound vesicles that package macromolecules for
transport.
Secretory Vesicle
 Cell secretions - e.g. hormones, neurotransmitters - are packaged at the
Golgi apparatus.
 transported to the cell surface for release.
Vacuole:
 a membrane-bound sac that plays roles in intracellular digestion and the
release of cellular waste products.
 tend to be large in plant cells and play several roles:
 storing nutrients and waste products,
 helping increase cell size during growth,
 even acting much like lysosomes of animal cells.
 regulates turgor pressure in the cell. Water collects in cell
vacuoles, pressing outward against the cell wall and producing
rigidity in the plant.
 Without sufficient water, turgor pressure drops and the plant
wilts.
Centrosome:
 MICROTUBULE ORGANIZING CENTER (MTOC), is an area in the
cell where microtubles are produced.
 play similar roles in cell division, and both include collections of
microtubules
Centriole (animal cells only):
 a ring of nine groups of fused microtubules.
 There are three microtubules in each group.
 are part of the cytoskeleton.
Lysosome:
 Contain hydrolytic enzymes necessary for intracellular digestion.
 They are common in animal cells, but rare in plant cells.
Peroxisome:
 Membrane-bound packets of oxidative enzymes.
 peroxisomes play a variety of roles including converting fatty acids to
sugar and assisting chloroplasts in photorespiration.
 peroxisomes protect the cell from its own production of toxic hydrogen
peroxide.