Download Review Sheet- Unit 3 Biology

Unit 3: THE CELL- Honors Biology
CELL BASICS
a) 3 parts of cell theory
b) Jansen, Hooke, Schleiden, Schwann,
Virchow, Leeuwenhoek
c) prokaryote / eukaryote
d) plant vs. animal cells
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
Krebs cycle
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
ATP synthetase
hydrogen ions
reactants / products of each stage
FERMENTATION
a) fermentation in microorganisms
b) ethyl alcohol
c) fermentation in humans
d) lactic acid
e) aerobic vs. anaerobic
f) when it occurs
ORGANELLES
a) labeling
b) flagella / cilia
c) ribosomes
d) rough and smooth ER
e) golgi bodies
f) vesicles
g) mitochondria
h) chloroplasts
i) vacuole
j) centrioles
k) lysosome
l) cytoskeleton
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
a) Equation for photosynthesis
b) Light Reactions
c) Calvin Cycle
d) reactants / products of each stage
OTHER INFO FROM BEFORE
a) ATP
b) experiment: IV, DV, control group
THE MICROSCOPE
a) magnification vs. resolution
b) total magnification
c) types of microscopes
d) difference between transmission and
scanning electron microscopes
e) Anton von Leeuwenhoek
f) focus, low and high powers
g) know the microscope lab procedures!
h) parts of the microscope
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
a) metabolism
b) cellular respiration
c) respiration vs. breathing
d) ATP / ADP cycle explanation
e) Equation for cell respiration
f) glycolysis
g) pyruvic acid
h) acetyl CoA
1
Chapter 4: Cell Structure and Function
The History of Cell Biology
What is a cell?
Explain the contributions of each of the following men:
a) Hooke:
b) Leewenhoek:
c) Schwann:
d) Schleiden:
e) Virchow:
The cell theory consists of three parts; list them here:
(1)
(2)
(3)
Introduction to Cells
Describe the relationship between a cell’s shape and its function. Name and draw several examples:
2
Why is cell size limited?
ALL cells consist of three basic parts. List and explain them:
(1)
(2)
(3)
Cells also come in two basic flavors. Draw a Venn diagram to compare them:
3
Cells are organized in several ways. In the space below, explain each type and list some examples:
Unicellular:
Colonial:
Multicellular:
List the levels of cell organization from organism down:
Organism →
Cell Organelles and Features
Explain the following cell organelles:
1) Plasma Membrane:
What is the phospholipid bilayer?
What are the functions of the following membrane proteins?
(a) integral proteins
(b) peripheral proteins
Explain the fluid mosaic model here:
Make a careful, labeled sketch of the plasma membrane (figure 4-11 on page 78):
4
2) Nucleus:
3) Nuclear Envelope:
4) Nucleolus:
5) Mitochondria:
What is mitochondrial DNA?
6) Ribosomes:
7) Endoplasmic reticulum (ER):
-
smooth ER:
-
rough ER
8) Golgi Apparatus:
9) Vesicles:
(a) Lysosomes:
(b) Peroxisomes
(c) Glyoxysomes:
5
(Class notes): protein synthesis here:
Cytoskeleton:
-
Microtubules
-
Microfilaments
-
Intermediate Filaments
-
Cilia and Flagella
-
Centrioles
Plant Cells
Plant cells have some parts not found in animal cells. Let’s take a look at them now:
1. Cell Wall:
2. Central Vacuole:
3. Plastids:
-
Chloroplasts:
-
Chromoplasts
-
Amyloplasts (AKA Leucoplasts):
6
Draw a Venn diagram to compare a plant cell from an animal cell?
7
History of the Cell: Timeline Assignment
Background:
The cell theory, which you briefly learned about in chapter one, was not developed overnight. It took
many years and many discoveries to finally come up with the current theory. You will research those
events and the people involved and create a neat, colorful timeline based on the history of the cell.
Summary:


1. Students will research historical events leading to the development of the cell theory.
o Research should include contributions made by the following people/scientists -Robert
Hooke, Hans and Zacharias Janssen, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Matthias Schleiden, Theodor
Schwann, Rudolph Virchow, etc. and dates of their contributions.
2. Students will report on their findings by constructing a timeline showing the chronology of the
historical events leading to the development of the cell theory.
Materials for each student or pair of students:




Reference materials (texts, encyclopedias, Internet, teacher handout with information)
rulers
paper/poster
colored pencils or markers.
Student Procedures:

Research the following people: List some of their contributions to science and dates of these
contributions.Robert HookeHans and Zacharias JanssenAnton van LeeuwenhoekMatthias SchleidenTheodor SchwannRudolph Virchow.
8

Draw a timeline showing the chronological order of these scientists and their contributions.
Label the timeline with dates of the above scientists' discoveries.
The earliest date should be on the left of the timeline and the most recent date on the right.
Label each date with the corresponding scientist's name and contribution(s) in an organized and
legible manner.
Be sure your spacing shows a reasonable approximation of the amount of time elapsed between
dates.
Questions: Type up these questions and your answers and hand them in with your timeline.
1. What theory did these scientists provide evidence for?
2. What instrument was necessary before the cell theory could be developed?
3. Which three scientists directly contributed evidence for the cell theory?
4. How did the earlier scientists and their contributions directly affect the discoveries
of later scientists (see #2)? For example, what had to come first?
5. List the three parts of the cell theory.
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Organelle Museum
A- Read the section on Organelles- Chapter 4 Section 3
- complete the section on organelles in your Chapter 4 Packet
B- Choose a section of the cell you wish to specialize in
1. The Cell membrane
- phospholipid bilayer
- membrane proteins
- cytoplasm/extracellular fluid
- Fluid Mosaic model
2. The Nucleus
- nucleolus
- nuclear membrane
- chromatin/chromosomes
3. Mitochondria
- cristae
- mitochondrial DNA
- Cellular respiration
4. Protein Pathway
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Ribosomes
- Golgi Apparatus
- Vesicles
5. Cytoskeleton
- microtubules/microfilaments
- cilia
- Flagella
- Centrioles
6. Plant Specific Organelles
- Chloroplasts/ Chromoplasts/
Leukoplasts
- Cell wall
- Central Vacuole
16
Research the structure and function of each of your parts. Use your book as a foundation, and
use supplementary sources such as the internet, etc.
C- Create some sort of model of your part. This can be via building a real 3d model,
creating a computer model, creating a video model, etc. Be creative!
D- Be ready to explain the function of the cell part based on your model.
E- Present your model and functions during your “Organelle Museum” on the day it is due.
17
Content Area Structure / Function Page
GRADING RUBRIC
Subtopic:
Group Members:
4 = awesome
3 = admirable
2 = acceptable
STRUCTURE



Clear description of structure (use own words, define vocab,
spelling/grammar)
Accurate – no errors in content
Complete – all aspects of structure are addressed
4 3 2 1
FUNCTION



Clear description of function (use own words, define vocab,
spelling/grammar)
Accurate – no errors in content
Complete – all aspects of function are addressed
4 3 2 1
GRAPHICS



Included when needed
Clearly shows structure and/or function (easy to see and appropriate)
Integrated with text
4 3 2 1
EXAMPLES


Specific examples provided
Clearly applied to structure, function or both
4 3 2 1
ORGANIZATION / APPEARANCE





1 = attempted
4 3 2 1
Topic is clearly introduced
Efficiently communicates information
Guideposts (headings / subheadings) provided for the reader to easily
navigate the page
Verbal transitions used between sections
Formatting is appealing
20
A+
50 pts
100%
19
A
47.5 pts
95%
17-18
A-/B+
45 pts
90%
14-16
B
42.5 pts
85%
12-13
B-/C+
40 pts
80%
9-11
C
37.5 pts
75%
7-8
C-/D+
35 pts
70%
4-6
D
32.5 pts
65%
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Cells Alive- Internet Lesson
URL: www.cellsalive.com
Objective: You will look at computer models of cells, learn the functions and the
descriptions of the cells and their components.
Navigating the site: Cells.alive has a navigation bar at the left. After accessing the page,
click on CELL BIOLOGY on the leftside navigation bar. From here, you will access the links:
"How Big is a..", the animal cell model, the plant cell model, and the bacterial cell model.
Part A. "HOW BIG IS A...."
Here you will look at objects found on the head of a pin. Your job is to rank them in order
of size on the chart below and estimate the length of each (in nanometers, micrometers,
or millimeters). The line in the bottom right corner of the screen is used to help you
estimate. Sketch each of the objects.
Object
Size in nanometers,
micrometers or millilmeters
Sketch
Human hair
Dust Mite
Red Blood Cells
E. coli
Staphylococcus
Ebola virus
Rhinovirus
26
Part B: Bacterial Cell Model - (you will need to return to the "Cell Biology" link to
access this page, or hit your back button)
Part C; Animal Cell Model - (you will need to return to the "Cell Biology" link to access
this page, or hit your back button)
For this model, you will need to click on the various parts of the cell to go to a screen that
tells you about the parts. Answers to the following questions are found there.
1. What do mitochondria do?
Sketch each of the following.
Mitochondria
2. How big are mitochondria?
3. What does the Golgi Apparatus do?
4. What is the difference between smooth and
rough ER?
27
Lysosome
5. Where is the nucleolus found?
Golgi Apparatus
6. What does the nucleolus do?
7. What does the cytoskeleton do?
8. Cytosol goes by what other name?
Rough ER
9. What is the function of the cytosol?
10. What is the function of the lysosome?
Part D: Plant Cell Model - (you will need to return to the "Cell Biology" link to
access this page, or hit your back button)
1. What other type of cell has a cell wall?
Sketch the followingChloroplast
2. What makes the plant cells green?
3. In plant cells, what does the vacuole do?
28
Vacuole
Part E: Overview
For the chart below, place a check in the box if the cell has that component.
Plant
Animal
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Ribosome
Mitochondria
DNA
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cell Wall
Golgi Apparatus
29
Bacteria
Photosynthesis Concept Check
1.
Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis:
2.
What are the two stages of photosynthesis?
3.
Which one is light independent?
4.
Which one involves an electron transport chain?
5.
Which stage converts light energy to chemical energy?
6.
Where do the electrons come from for the electron transport chain?
7.
What are packets of light energy called?
8.
Where do the electrons end up?
9.
Where does the carbon to build glucose come from?
10.
What two high energy molecules come out of the light reactions?
11.
How many carbon atoms does RuBP have?
12.
What are the two 3-carbon compounds in this process?
13.
Which one goes on to make glucose?
14.
Complete this flowchart.
reactants:
byproduct:
Stage 1:
reactant:
products:
Stage 2:
product:
used to build:
30
Cellular Respiration / Fermentation Concept Check
15.
Write the chemical equation for respiration:
16.
What are the three stages of respiration?
17.
Which is the only stage that can happen without oxygen?
18.
Which stage converts glucose into pyruvic acid?
19.
Which stage is responsible for generating high energy molecules?
20.
Which stage makes the most energy molecules?
21.
How many carbon atoms does each of these molecules have?
a.
glucose
b.
pyruvic acid (pyruvate)
c.
acetyl CoA
d.
oxaloacetic acid (oxaloacetate)
e.
citric acid (citrate)
22.
Whenever carbon atoms are chopped off a molecule, where do they go?
23.
Where do the electrons for the ETC come from? Where do they end up?
24.
What is it called when there are more protons (H+ ions) built-up on one side of the membrane?
25.
When the protons flood back thorough the ATP synthase, what happens? What’s this called?
26.
When no oxygen is available, fermentation occurs. What are 2 possible products of this process?
27.
Complete this flowchart.
reactant:
Stage 1:
byproduct:
products:
converted to:
Stage 2 (without oxygen anaerobic):
Stage 2 (with oxygen aerobic):
products:
products:
Stage 3:
31
byproduct:
byproduct:
Review Sheet- Unit 3
I.
Unit 3 Key Terms:
Cell theory
Organelle
Biology
Plasma membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell wall
Prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell
Phospholipids bilayer
Vesicle
Microfilament
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Microtubule
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus
Vacuole
Lysosome
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Flagella
cilia
Photosynthesis
ATP
ADP
NADPH
NADP+
Stroma
Thylakoid
Glucose (C6H12O6)
H20
CO2
O2
Light reactions
Calvin Cycle
Cellular Respiration
Cristae
Matrix
Pyruvic Acid
NADH
FADH2
38 ATP
2 ATP
Glycolysis
Kreb’s cycle
Fermentation
Lactic acid
(fermentation)
Alcohol
(fermentation)
ETC (Electron
Transport Chain)
Anaerobic
II.
Additional information: notes, articles, videos, etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
III.
Chapter 4
Chapter 6 and 7 (see review questions attached)
The cell lab and video
Drawings of CR and Photosynthesis (Equations, organelles, process)
Review questions from Textbook:
Page
92
93
126
127
146
147
Aerobic
Questions
1,3,5,6,7,12,13,14,16,18,21,27,28
1,2,5,6,7
5,6,9,10,13,14
1,3,4,5,6 Ext Resp (part a)
1,3,6,7,9,11
1-8, ext resp (part b)
32