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Transcript
REPRODUCTION Výukový materiál GE 02 - 34 Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR PRIMA 2014 REPRODUCTION the cell is in suitable environment (plenty of nutrients) > it is growing i.e. it is gaining in size and it reproduces by division it means the number of cells increases cell division is a very complicated action 2 daughter cells arisen REPRODUCTION 2 daughter cells are equivalent all cell parts must be doubled before cell division REPRODUCTION THE MOST IMPORTANT Cell wall – external covering of cells by bacteria, fungi, plants -it determines the shape, protects of external environment Cytoplasmic membrane – it makes elastic and solid covering of all cells -admitted into the cell interior as well as outside of it some substance -(it is semipermeable) Cytoplasm – internal cell environment Nucleus – controls ongoing activities in the cell - manages cell division Chloroplasts – they are only in plant cells -they contain chlorophyll and photosynthesis takes place in them Mitochondria – is used to produce energy from organic compounds by the presence of oxygen Vacuoles – they are mainly by plant cells or by bacteria Endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus – system of membrane channels, tubes and vesicles -used for production, transformation and transportation of proteins and -other substances REPRODUCTION flagellum the diversity of division of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells cell wall chromosome cytoplasm cell membrane PROKARYOTIC CELL vesicles with storage agents cell bacteria is an example of simply shaped cells without organelles with an unrestricted core REPRODUCTION the diversity of division of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells EUKARYOTIC CELLS Chloroplasts Golgi apparatus Grains of storage substances Mitochondria Vacuoles Nucleus Cell wall Endoplasmic reticulum Membrane PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL Nucleus Golgi apparatus Mitochondria Membrane Groove of membrane Vesicles with storage substances REPRODUCTION 1 – BACTERIA, 2 – YEAST, 3 – RED BLOOD CELL, 4 - PROTOZOA examples of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells EUKARYOTIC CELL PROKARYOTIC CELL EUKARYOTIC CELL EUKARYOTIC CELL REPRODUCTION bacteria reproduce fastest they are very small they reduplicate easily and fast all cell parts by most convenient conditions: from one bacterium in 20 minutes there are two bacteria REPRODUCTION both of them can divide in another 20 minutes > into 4 cells 4 cells in another 20 minutes into 8 new cells this speed is though just due to favourable conditions bacteria do not reproduce so quickly in the nature WORKSHEET What kind of cell is this ? Describe the pictures. SOURCES DOBRORUKA, Luděk J. Přírodopis. 2. vyd. Praha: Scientia, 1999, 127 s. ISBN 80-718-3168-9.