Download Nov_16

-
-
-
-
-
-
Kin 217 - November 16th, 2005
Midterm 2
Pyruvate carboxylase
o Part of the filling up reaction
o Citric synthase…part of TCA cycle
o Allosterically regulated by acetyl-CoA
o When Pyruvate carboxylase is activated, Oxaloacetate up, more citrate can
be formed, therefore reducing acetyl-COA and boosting TCA cycle
 This is called a “filling up reaction”
Uncoupling and Ethanol
o May increase and decrease uncoupling
 Dose and duration dependent
 Ethanol induces thermodysregulation
 Raise temperature when surroundings are warm
 Lower temp when surroundings are cold
Coenzyme Q
o Shunting enzymes from 1 and 2 to 3
o Ability to receive protons and electrons (the double bond O indicates this!)
o Purpose of side chain is to anchor it..
Glycolysis and Krebs cycle step by step?
Do we need to know all the enzyme?
o The more you understand, the better it is
o Break down and understand what each step does and then build on that
o What does TCA do?
o Simple diagrams of TCA
o TOOO MANY ENZYMES TO MEMORIZE….remember the ones he
emphasized
 Pyruvate decarboxylase, pyruvate dehydrogenase…
Shuttles – glycolysis, krebs, oxidative phosphorylation
o During glycolysis, produce some NADH and a little bit of ATP
o But remember glycolysis occurs in cytosol
o Where does the oxidative phosphorylation work??
o Glycerol phosphate shuttle…transfers electrons from NADH to DHAP
forming glycerol 3 phosphate, delivering to FADH2, which can enter ETC
(?)
o Remember electron potential goes negative
Malate Aspartate Shuttle
o Same concept deliever electrons from asparatate to moxaloacetate to form
malate..
 This gives you NADH
 Oxaloacetate can not enter mitochondrial miatriax….so we have to
make asparatate (?)
 Shuttles are just mechanisms to transfer compounds across the
membrane…
o 12.7
o Kinase they phosphorylate things!
-
-
-
o :’(
LDL….using Friedwald equation
ATP Talley
o LET’S DO IT
o Start with glycolysis…cost is 2 ATP…end up generating 4 ATP, 2
NADH…if we take glycerol-3phosphate we get 5 ATP (?)
o Citric Acid Cycle
o 1 acetyl CoA will give you what?
 2 ATP, 6 NAD = 15 ATP, 2 NADH via pyruvate via pyruvate
dehydrogenase
 Generating 3 ATP from 2 FADH2
o Depending on what shuttle is used, either 30 or 32
Know organic structures…what is a carboxy acid, aldehyde, alcohol…
o Not all structures…
o