Pyruvate dehydrogenase - Wageningen UR E
... 1984b; Packman & Perham, 1987; Chuang, 1985;Hanemaaijer et al., 1987].From N- to Cterminus it contains two or three lipoyl domains (dependent on the type and source of the complex), an E1/E3 binding domain and a catalytic domain. NMR experiments indicate that the linker sequences are extended and hi ...
... 1984b; Packman & Perham, 1987; Chuang, 1985;Hanemaaijer et al., 1987].From N- to Cterminus it contains two or three lipoyl domains (dependent on the type and source of the complex), an E1/E3 binding domain and a catalytic domain. NMR experiments indicate that the linker sequences are extended and hi ...
Purification and Characterization of Chorismate
... mass of the subunit was determined to be 41.7 kilodaltons by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Purified chorismate synthase is associated with an NADPH-dependent flavin mononucleotide reductase that provides in vivo the reduced flavin necessary for catalytic activity. In vit ...
... mass of the subunit was determined to be 41.7 kilodaltons by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Purified chorismate synthase is associated with an NADPH-dependent flavin mononucleotide reductase that provides in vivo the reduced flavin necessary for catalytic activity. In vit ...
STUDIES ON THE CHLORAMPHENICOL HALOGENASE CmlS
... high yield. The X-ray crystal structure of CmlS was solved to 2.2 Å resolution, yielding key insights into a potential mechanism of catalysis. As well, a covalent bond between D277 and the FAD 8α methyl group was discovered. This is a novel post-translational modification that is likely conserved am ...
... high yield. The X-ray crystal structure of CmlS was solved to 2.2 Å resolution, yielding key insights into a potential mechanism of catalysis. As well, a covalent bond between D277 and the FAD 8α methyl group was discovered. This is a novel post-translational modification that is likely conserved am ...
CALPAIN: TRANSITIONING FROM THE USE OF THE
... substrate, PLFMER, is cut at the intended scissile bond between F and M. Alanine substitutions at each position optimized the sequence to PLFAAR, which has a 2.3-fold higher turnover rate. The set of substrates derived from this study provided a tool for profiling the activity of calpain isoforms. O ...
... substrate, PLFMER, is cut at the intended scissile bond between F and M. Alanine substitutions at each position optimized the sequence to PLFAAR, which has a 2.3-fold higher turnover rate. The set of substrates derived from this study provided a tool for profiling the activity of calpain isoforms. O ...
Mechanistic Studies of Two Selected Flavin
... Choline oxidase catalyzes the flavin-dependent, two-step oxidation of choline to glycine betaine via the formation of an aldehyde intermediate. The oxidation of choline includes two reductive half-reactions followed by oxidative half-reactions. In the first oxidation reaction, the alcohol substrate ...
... Choline oxidase catalyzes the flavin-dependent, two-step oxidation of choline to glycine betaine via the formation of an aldehyde intermediate. The oxidation of choline includes two reductive half-reactions followed by oxidative half-reactions. In the first oxidation reaction, the alcohol substrate ...
Structure-based design and functional studies of novel noroviral 3C
... substrate peptides and peptide-like inhibitors [13,26–29]. The norovirus NS6 protease is a cysteine protease that adopts a chymotrypsin-like fold consisting of two well-defined domains, a β-sheet domain 1 and a β-barrel domain 2, joined by the 20residue lpeI loop. The two domains are separated by th ...
... substrate peptides and peptide-like inhibitors [13,26–29]. The norovirus NS6 protease is a cysteine protease that adopts a chymotrypsin-like fold consisting of two well-defined domains, a β-sheet domain 1 and a β-barrel domain 2, joined by the 20residue lpeI loop. The two domains are separated by th ...
Ch23-Oxidation of Fatty Acids and Ketone Bodies
... acids are released from adipose tissue triacylglycerols. They circulate through blood bound to albumin (Fig. 23.1). In cells, they are converted to fatty acyl CoA derivatives by acyl CoA synthetases. The activated acyl group is transported into the mitochondrial matrix bound to carnitine, where fatt ...
... acids are released from adipose tissue triacylglycerols. They circulate through blood bound to albumin (Fig. 23.1). In cells, they are converted to fatty acyl CoA derivatives by acyl CoA synthetases. The activated acyl group is transported into the mitochondrial matrix bound to carnitine, where fatt ...
1 Chapter 1 Chemistry On The Pyrimidine Ring
... modification and the increase in metal affinity it provides are highly dependent upon pH. Further structural studies or pH-dependent metal titrations of this enzyme should provide better insight as to whether this new amidohydrolase family does indeed use a different mechanism than that found for th ...
... modification and the increase in metal affinity it provides are highly dependent upon pH. Further structural studies or pH-dependent metal titrations of this enzyme should provide better insight as to whether this new amidohydrolase family does indeed use a different mechanism than that found for th ...
Characterization of the Two-Component, FAD-Dependent Monooxygenase SgcC That Requires Carrier Protein-Tethered
... Abstract: C-1027 is a potent antitumor antibiotic composed of an apoprotein (CagA) and a reactive enediyne chromophore. The chromophore has four distinct chemical moieties, including an (S)-3-chloro-5-hydroxyβ-tyrosine moiety, the biosynthesis of which from L-R-tyrosine requires five proteins: SgcC, ...
... Abstract: C-1027 is a potent antitumor antibiotic composed of an apoprotein (CagA) and a reactive enediyne chromophore. The chromophore has four distinct chemical moieties, including an (S)-3-chloro-5-hydroxyβ-tyrosine moiety, the biosynthesis of which from L-R-tyrosine requires five proteins: SgcC, ...
Biochemical characterization of the initial steps of the Kennedy
... the agent of African sleeping sickness, GPCho accounts for approximately half of all phospholipids in both life-cycle stages, whereas GPEtn forms between 16 and 21 % [2]. These phospholipids contribute an important structural role to the membrane and, in addition, determine membrane fluidity and cel ...
... the agent of African sleeping sickness, GPCho accounts for approximately half of all phospholipids in both life-cycle stages, whereas GPEtn forms between 16 and 21 % [2]. These phospholipids contribute an important structural role to the membrane and, in addition, determine membrane fluidity and cel ...
Localization and nucleotide specificity of Blastocystis succinyl‐CoA
... completely lost the ability to produce energy (van der Giezen et al., 2005). In contrast, hydrogenosomes use protons instead of oxygen as terminal electron acceptors, producing ATP, acetate, carbon dioxide and hydrogen from pyruvate or malate (Müller, 1993). Hydrogenosomes lack many of the metabolic ...
... completely lost the ability to produce energy (van der Giezen et al., 2005). In contrast, hydrogenosomes use protons instead of oxygen as terminal electron acceptors, producing ATP, acetate, carbon dioxide and hydrogen from pyruvate or malate (Müller, 1993). Hydrogenosomes lack many of the metabolic ...
Full Text
... this mechanism were proposed by Gacesa (1987). Glucan polysaccharides can also be degraded by phosphorolysis by such enzymes as α-glucan phosphorylases (Withers et al. 1981). Eukaryotic enzymes that depolymerize polysaccharides predominantly utilize hydrolytic mechanisms while the lytic mechanism is ...
... this mechanism were proposed by Gacesa (1987). Glucan polysaccharides can also be degraded by phosphorolysis by such enzymes as α-glucan phosphorylases (Withers et al. 1981). Eukaryotic enzymes that depolymerize polysaccharides predominantly utilize hydrolytic mechanisms while the lytic mechanism is ...
The enzymes of biotin dependent CO2 metabolism: What structures
... cofactor. BCCP functions as a ‘‘swinging arm’’ that allows the cofactor to shuttle between the biotin carboxylase and carboxyltransferase subunits of the complex. The structure of biotin carboxylase from E. coli was reported in 1994, and it represented the first glimpse of a biotin-dependent carboxy ...
... cofactor. BCCP functions as a ‘‘swinging arm’’ that allows the cofactor to shuttle between the biotin carboxylase and carboxyltransferase subunits of the complex. The structure of biotin carboxylase from E. coli was reported in 1994, and it represented the first glimpse of a biotin-dependent carboxy ...
Bioretrosynthetic Construction of a Non
... even!) to continuing the search for Waldo, you all have made graduate school much more than just a research experience and I thank you for that. iv ...
... even!) to continuing the search for Waldo, you all have made graduate school much more than just a research experience and I thank you for that. iv ...
Influence of temperature on the dynamics of ATP, ADP and non
... of the ATP/ADP ratio in vegetative and floral buds of peach trees. The results of the nucleotides test indicated that endodormancy ended before the end of December (authors’ unpublished data), whereas changes in ATP concentration and ATP/ADP ratio did not occur until after the end of January (Figure ...
... of the ATP/ADP ratio in vegetative and floral buds of peach trees. The results of the nucleotides test indicated that endodormancy ended before the end of December (authors’ unpublished data), whereas changes in ATP concentration and ATP/ADP ratio did not occur until after the end of January (Figure ...
BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Problem Unit Two
... ordinary chemical reactions. What makes these reactions unique is that they proceed very rapidly at relatively low temperatures (physiological temperature, 37°C or 98.6°F, is low when compared to the chemical reactions used in industrial processes). These low temperature reactions have accelerated r ...
... ordinary chemical reactions. What makes these reactions unique is that they proceed very rapidly at relatively low temperatures (physiological temperature, 37°C or 98.6°F, is low when compared to the chemical reactions used in industrial processes). These low temperature reactions have accelerated r ...
chapter 15: answers to selected problems
... is reasonable, because the citric acid cycle must convert citrate ion into oxaloacetate ion. Citrate ion contains six carbon atoms and oxaloacetate ion contains only four, so the citric acid cycle must remove two carbon atoms from the original citrate skeleton. 15.29 There are four oxidation steps i ...
... is reasonable, because the citric acid cycle must convert citrate ion into oxaloacetate ion. Citrate ion contains six carbon atoms and oxaloacetate ion contains only four, so the citric acid cycle must remove two carbon atoms from the original citrate skeleton. 15.29 There are four oxidation steps i ...
Investigating the Role of ADP-forming Acetyl-CoA
... Acetate is a common anion in biology and is a major metabolic end product in a variety of organisms. When the incoming carbon flux surpasses the capacity of central metabolic pathways, excess acetyl-CoA will undergo fermentation and recycle CoA. An additional benefit of acetate fermentation is the g ...
... Acetate is a common anion in biology and is a major metabolic end product in a variety of organisms. When the incoming carbon flux surpasses the capacity of central metabolic pathways, excess acetyl-CoA will undergo fermentation and recycle CoA. An additional benefit of acetate fermentation is the g ...
Phosphorylation of the F1Fo ATP Synthase Я Subunit
... assembly/stability defect. In addition, the ATPase activity was reduced but not abolished with the phosphomimetic mutation at T58, a site that altered the formation/maintenance of dimers of the F1Fo ATP synthase complex. Conclusions: Taken together, these data show that pseudophosphorylation of spec ...
... assembly/stability defect. In addition, the ATPase activity was reduced but not abolished with the phosphomimetic mutation at T58, a site that altered the formation/maintenance of dimers of the F1Fo ATP synthase complex. Conclusions: Taken together, these data show that pseudophosphorylation of spec ...
practice oxidative phosphorylation worksheet11
... * Interestingly, many animals (camels, hibernating bears) rely upon the water being produced at the end of the ETC as its source of water while metabolizing fatty acids that lead to the formation of many NADH and FADH2. * Anaerobes, on the other hand, can use alternative terminal oxidases in an indu ...
... * Interestingly, many animals (camels, hibernating bears) rely upon the water being produced at the end of the ETC as its source of water while metabolizing fatty acids that lead to the formation of many NADH and FADH2. * Anaerobes, on the other hand, can use alternative terminal oxidases in an indu ...
Unusual properties of the fungal conventional kinesin neck domain
... connected to the processivity of the enzyme, with high kbiATPase values indicating high processivity. Following this kinetic line of evidence for the S.racemosum kinesin, we suspect that the neck and hinge domains play important roles in conferring processivity to the molecular motor (cf. Romberg et ...
... connected to the processivity of the enzyme, with high kbiATPase values indicating high processivity. Following this kinetic line of evidence for the S.racemosum kinesin, we suspect that the neck and hinge domains play important roles in conferring processivity to the molecular motor (cf. Romberg et ...
Unsaturated and Odd-Chain Fatty Acid Catabolism
... Most of the acetyl CoA produced by β-oxidation undergoes complete oxidation through the citric acid cycle. The entry of acetyl CoA into the citric acid cycle depends on the availability of oxaloacetate. Under fasting conditions or diabetes, gluconeogenisis depletes the concentration of oxaloacetate. ...
... Most of the acetyl CoA produced by β-oxidation undergoes complete oxidation through the citric acid cycle. The entry of acetyl CoA into the citric acid cycle depends on the availability of oxaloacetate. Under fasting conditions or diabetes, gluconeogenisis depletes the concentration of oxaloacetate. ...
Adaptations of anaerobic archaea to life under extreme energy
... Beimborn, 1985; Thauer et al., 2008). Methyl-CoM is then reduced with coenzyme B (CoB, 7-mercaptoheptanoylthreoninephosphate) to CH4, and a heterodisulfide of CoM and CoB, CoM-S-S-CoB, is formed. The reduction of this heterodisulfide is the ultimate step in the pathway. The process, by which the het ...
... Beimborn, 1985; Thauer et al., 2008). Methyl-CoM is then reduced with coenzyme B (CoB, 7-mercaptoheptanoylthreoninephosphate) to CH4, and a heterodisulfide of CoM and CoB, CoM-S-S-CoB, is formed. The reduction of this heterodisulfide is the ultimate step in the pathway. The process, by which the het ...
A new simple fluorimetric method to assay cytosolic ATP content
... Abstract: The assays commonly used to determine ATP content in biological samples generally measure total cellular ATP content, but not the different subcellular pools. In this study a new simple method for measuring ATP content in a cytosol-enriched fraction (CEF) was developed, based on a rapid cyt ...
... Abstract: The assays commonly used to determine ATP content in biological samples generally measure total cellular ATP content, but not the different subcellular pools. In this study a new simple method for measuring ATP content in a cytosol-enriched fraction (CEF) was developed, based on a rapid cyt ...
NAD+-dependent formate dehydrogenase. From a model enzyme to
... Several high resolution structures of PseFDH are available to date: the apo-enzyme (resolution 1.80 Å) [17], the ternary complex of enzyme with NAD+ and azide mimicking putative transition state (2.05 Å) [17], and a complex with ADPR (1.50 Å) [23]. Several other binary complexes of PseFDH (PseFDH-fo ...
... Several high resolution structures of PseFDH are available to date: the apo-enzyme (resolution 1.80 Å) [17], the ternary complex of enzyme with NAD+ and azide mimicking putative transition state (2.05 Å) [17], and a complex with ADPR (1.50 Å) [23]. Several other binary complexes of PseFDH (PseFDH-fo ...
Luciferase
Luciferase is a generic term for the class of oxidative enzymes used in bioluminescence and is distinct from a photoprotein. The name is derived from Lucifer, the root of which means 'light-bearer' (lucem ferre). One example is the firefly luciferase (EC 1.13.12.7) from the firefly Photinus pyralis. ""Firefly luciferase"" as a laboratory reagent often refers to P. pyralis luciferase although recombinant luciferases from several other species of fireflies are also commercially available.