Enzyme
... (1) Some terms related to enzyme inhibition Denaturation (变性作用) – Protein structure is changed Inactivation (失活作用) – Loss of activity (the enzyme is denatured) Inhibition (抑制作用) – A change in the chemical properties of some functional groups in the enzyme the loss or decrease in enzyme activity ( ...
... (1) Some terms related to enzyme inhibition Denaturation (变性作用) – Protein structure is changed Inactivation (失活作用) – Loss of activity (the enzyme is denatured) Inhibition (抑制作用) – A change in the chemical properties of some functional groups in the enzyme the loss or decrease in enzyme activity ( ...
PDF - Yeh Lab
... Gln6-Val8 of the tyrocidine sequence were replaced with the spacer 8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid, is shown in Figure 2B. The factors that govern these differences are unknown. However, the results demonstrate that there must be more than one mechanism for the observed enhancement of TycTE activity ...
... Gln6-Val8 of the tyrocidine sequence were replaced with the spacer 8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid, is shown in Figure 2B. The factors that govern these differences are unknown. However, the results demonstrate that there must be more than one mechanism for the observed enhancement of TycTE activity ...
The role of the C8 proton of ATP in the catalysis of shikimate kinase
... binding and/or phosphoryl transfer within a range of kinase and synthetase enzymes. The role of the C8-H of ATP in the binding and/or phosphoryl transfer on the enzyme activity of a number of kinase and synthetase enzymes has been elucidated. The intrinsic catalysis rate mediated by each kinase enzy ...
... binding and/or phosphoryl transfer within a range of kinase and synthetase enzymes. The role of the C8-H of ATP in the binding and/or phosphoryl transfer on the enzyme activity of a number of kinase and synthetase enzymes has been elucidated. The intrinsic catalysis rate mediated by each kinase enzy ...
Objectives 30 - u.arizona.edu
... 1. Attachment of the acetyl group from acetyl CoA to the CE & the malonyl group from malonyl CoA to ACP 2. Acetyl group from CE condenses with the malonyl residue on the ACP causing the release of CO2 & leaving a 4 carbon intermediate covalently bound to ACP 3. 2 molecules of NADPH from niacin a 4 c ...
... 1. Attachment of the acetyl group from acetyl CoA to the CE & the malonyl group from malonyl CoA to ACP 2. Acetyl group from CE condenses with the malonyl residue on the ACP causing the release of CO2 & leaving a 4 carbon intermediate covalently bound to ACP 3. 2 molecules of NADPH from niacin a 4 c ...
enzyme
... is often driven by linking it to an energetically favorable reaction, such as the hydrolysis of ATP. ...
... is often driven by linking it to an energetically favorable reaction, such as the hydrolysis of ATP. ...
What is an enzyme? Function of enzymes
... various (mostly C-X) bonds, coupled with the breakdown of energy-containing substrates, usually ATP ...
... various (mostly C-X) bonds, coupled with the breakdown of energy-containing substrates, usually ATP ...
bme-biochem-3-kh-enzymes-9
... Enzymes are mostly proteins They are highly specific to a reaction They catalyze many reactions including breaking down nutrients, storing and releasing energy, creating new molecules, and coordinating biological reactions. Enzymes use an active site, but can be affected by bonding at other areas ...
... Enzymes are mostly proteins They are highly specific to a reaction They catalyze many reactions including breaking down nutrients, storing and releasing energy, creating new molecules, and coordinating biological reactions. Enzymes use an active site, but can be affected by bonding at other areas ...
Chemical Modifications and Kinetic Study of Ribonuclease Sa Active
... Ribonuclease Sa was isolated and purified to a chromatographically pure state according to Bačova et al. (1971) slightly modified by applying rechromatography on phosphocellulose. For experiments lyophilized samples of the enzyme with specific activity around 200 000 units/mg were used. Substrates G ...
... Ribonuclease Sa was isolated and purified to a chromatographically pure state according to Bačova et al. (1971) slightly modified by applying rechromatography on phosphocellulose. For experiments lyophilized samples of the enzyme with specific activity around 200 000 units/mg were used. Substrates G ...
Oxidation and biosynthesis of fatty acids
... THE CONTROL OF FATTY ACID METABOLISM Acetyl CoA carboxylase plays an essential role in regulating fatty acid synthesis and degradation. The carboxylase is controlled by hormones: ...
... THE CONTROL OF FATTY ACID METABOLISM Acetyl CoA carboxylase plays an essential role in regulating fatty acid synthesis and degradation. The carboxylase is controlled by hormones: ...
Score A_c5_17022012
... (c) State what happens to the hydrogen produced at step 6 [2m] ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ (d) Identify compound X. _________________ [1m] (e) The reduced co-enzyme produced in step 1 will enter the ...
... (c) State what happens to the hydrogen produced at step 6 [2m] ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ (d) Identify compound X. _________________ [1m] (e) The reduced co-enzyme produced in step 1 will enter the ...
Controlling reaction specificity in pyridoxal phosphate
... alter the equilibrium for binding the carboxylate between the A and B subsites [18]. The larger amino acid substrates promote the carboxylate to the catalytic A site, leading to an increase in kcat. A series of aminophosphonate inhibitors of DGD was synthesized, and two were found to be slow binding ...
... alter the equilibrium for binding the carboxylate between the A and B subsites [18]. The larger amino acid substrates promote the carboxylate to the catalytic A site, leading to an increase in kcat. A series of aminophosphonate inhibitors of DGD was synthesized, and two were found to be slow binding ...
Biotechnology and Bioengineering
... 2002) calculations) (Figure 1). Its closest C-C distance from FeA and FeB is 8.8 Å and 8.6 Å away, respectively. Residue 176 of ToMO has been studied previously using site directed mutagenesis and found to allow ToMO to oxidize 2-phenylethanol for the production of p-tyrosol (Notomista et al. 2011). ...
... 2002) calculations) (Figure 1). Its closest C-C distance from FeA and FeB is 8.8 Å and 8.6 Å away, respectively. Residue 176 of ToMO has been studied previously using site directed mutagenesis and found to allow ToMO to oxidize 2-phenylethanol for the production of p-tyrosol (Notomista et al. 2011). ...
Ch. 23 Oxidation of fatty acids, ketones 1. Fatty acids are fuels:
... to fatty acyl CoA, transported to mitochondria: ββ-oxidation path generates ATP, 2-C Acetyl CoA from even-chain long-length chain fatty acids ββ-oxidation is regulated by NADH, Acetyl CoA ...
... to fatty acyl CoA, transported to mitochondria: ββ-oxidation path generates ATP, 2-C Acetyl CoA from even-chain long-length chain fatty acids ββ-oxidation is regulated by NADH, Acetyl CoA ...
H - IS MU
... 2 Carnitine carries long-chain activated fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix Acyl-CoA itself cannot cross the inner mitochondrial membrane; instead, acyl groups are transferred to carnitine, transported across the membrane as acylcarnitine, and transferred back to CoA within the mitochondrial ...
... 2 Carnitine carries long-chain activated fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix Acyl-CoA itself cannot cross the inner mitochondrial membrane; instead, acyl groups are transferred to carnitine, transported across the membrane as acylcarnitine, and transferred back to CoA within the mitochondrial ...
AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetases in Archaea show
... length, but insoluble, protein that was not characterized (data not shown). The M. thermautotrophicus ΔH genome sequence annotation for the gene encoding MT-ACS2 indicates that this gene is also interrupted by a stop codon, as for MT-ACS1, resulting in two adjacent ORFs (MTH1603-MTH1604) that togeth ...
... length, but insoluble, protein that was not characterized (data not shown). The M. thermautotrophicus ΔH genome sequence annotation for the gene encoding MT-ACS2 indicates that this gene is also interrupted by a stop codon, as for MT-ACS1, resulting in two adjacent ORFs (MTH1603-MTH1604) that togeth ...
Metabolism (degradation) of triacylglycerols and fatty acids
... (CH3)3N+-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-COO• only L-isomeric form of carnitine is active • Sources of carnitine: – exogenous – meat and dairy products – endogenous – synthesized from lysine and methionine, mainly in brain and kidneys, the synthesis covers the demands ...
... (CH3)3N+-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-COO• only L-isomeric form of carnitine is active • Sources of carnitine: – exogenous – meat and dairy products – endogenous – synthesized from lysine and methionine, mainly in brain and kidneys, the synthesis covers the demands ...
Journal of Biological Chemistry
... upon amino acid incorporation into protein of the liver ribosome system (Table II) just as effectively as it does the decrease in hepatic ATP concentration induced by the same analogue (3). These results tend to implicate cellular BTP deficiency as being important in the inhibition of protein synthe ...
... upon amino acid incorporation into protein of the liver ribosome system (Table II) just as effectively as it does the decrease in hepatic ATP concentration induced by the same analogue (3). These results tend to implicate cellular BTP deficiency as being important in the inhibition of protein synthe ...
ppt
... fasting or other conditions increasing F.A. Ketone bodies are used by: • Brain cells • Intestinal mucosa – transport fatty acids to blood • Adipocytes – store fatty acids in TAG ...
... fasting or other conditions increasing F.A. Ketone bodies are used by: • Brain cells • Intestinal mucosa – transport fatty acids to blood • Adipocytes – store fatty acids in TAG ...
Glycolytic strategy as a tradeoff between energy yield and protein cost
... diverse, including several alternative glycolytic pathways, the most common of which is the Entner–Doudoroff (ED) pathway. The prevalence of the ED pathway is puzzling as it produces only one ATP per glucose—half as much as the EMP pathway. We argue that the diversity of prokaryotic glucose metaboli ...
... diverse, including several alternative glycolytic pathways, the most common of which is the Entner–Doudoroff (ED) pathway. The prevalence of the ED pathway is puzzling as it produces only one ATP per glucose—half as much as the EMP pathway. We argue that the diversity of prokaryotic glucose metaboli ...
Metabolism of Mollicutes: the Embden-Meyerhof
... Details ofindividual assays. (i) Hexokinase (EC 2.7.1 . l ) was assayed by the method of Chou & Wilson (1975). (ii) Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) dehydrogenase (EC 1 . 1 . 1 .49) was assayed by the method of Pollack et a/. (1965). NAD could not substitute for NADP in this reaction using extracts from 10 ...
... Details ofindividual assays. (i) Hexokinase (EC 2.7.1 . l ) was assayed by the method of Chou & Wilson (1975). (ii) Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) dehydrogenase (EC 1 . 1 . 1 .49) was assayed by the method of Pollack et a/. (1965). NAD could not substitute for NADP in this reaction using extracts from 10 ...
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
... subunits are shown in the figure below. The α subunits contain the β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KSase) domain and the β-ketoacyl reductase domain. The β subunit contains the acetyl transferase domain, the malonyl transferase domain, the β-hydroxyacyl dehydrogenase domain and the enoyl reductase domain. ...
... subunits are shown in the figure below. The α subunits contain the β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KSase) domain and the β-ketoacyl reductase domain. The β subunit contains the acetyl transferase domain, the malonyl transferase domain, the β-hydroxyacyl dehydrogenase domain and the enoyl reductase domain. ...
The rotary mechanism of the ATP synthase Archives - iGRAD
... [21]; the amino terminal half of d by NMR [22]; and the amino terminal domain of d in complex with a peptide representing the amino terminal region of a subunit [16,23]. Even though we can piece together these fragments to generate a useful model, there are many reasons to obtain structures of entir ...
... [21]; the amino terminal half of d by NMR [22]; and the amino terminal domain of d in complex with a peptide representing the amino terminal region of a subunit [16,23]. Even though we can piece together these fragments to generate a useful model, there are many reasons to obtain structures of entir ...
FA + GLYCEROL
... Each time an acetyl group (2 carbons) is cleaved from acyl chain, it produces: o ...
... Each time an acetyl group (2 carbons) is cleaved from acyl chain, it produces: o ...
Biochemical Journal
... catalytic domain of LiCMS) in complex with Mal (malonate) at 2.0 Å (1 Å = 0.1 nm) resolution, in complex with Pyr at 2.6 Å resolution and in complex with Pyr and acetyl-CoA at 2.5 Å resolution. Analyses of these structures, together with mutagenesis and kinetic studies, identified the key residues i ...
... catalytic domain of LiCMS) in complex with Mal (malonate) at 2.0 Å (1 Å = 0.1 nm) resolution, in complex with Pyr at 2.6 Å resolution and in complex with Pyr and acetyl-CoA at 2.5 Å resolution. Analyses of these structures, together with mutagenesis and kinetic studies, identified the key residues i ...
A Mechanistic Analysis of Enzymatic Degradation - J
... isotope effects on the reactions catalyzed by DL-DEX 113 for D- and L-2-chloropropionate were also carried out.30) It was found that a step preceding dehalogenation is partly rate-limiting in the case of D-2-chloropropionate, and that the overall reaction rates are controlled by different steps in the ...
... isotope effects on the reactions catalyzed by DL-DEX 113 for D- and L-2-chloropropionate were also carried out.30) It was found that a step preceding dehalogenation is partly rate-limiting in the case of D-2-chloropropionate, and that the overall reaction rates are controlled by different steps in the ...
Luciferase
Luciferase is a generic term for the class of oxidative enzymes used in bioluminescence and is distinct from a photoprotein. The name is derived from Lucifer, the root of which means 'light-bearer' (lucem ferre). One example is the firefly luciferase (EC 1.13.12.7) from the firefly Photinus pyralis. ""Firefly luciferase"" as a laboratory reagent often refers to P. pyralis luciferase although recombinant luciferases from several other species of fireflies are also commercially available.