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Download BIOB111 - Tutorial activity for Session 21
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BIOB111 - Tutorial activity for Session 21 General topics for the Week 12 Session 21 Carbohydrate metabolism Students discuss the processes in groups and answer the questions chosen from the textbook. Instructions: 1. View these animations on the citric acid cycle and gluconeogenesis: http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0471661791/animations/gluconeogenes is/gluconeogenesis.htm (Link verified 8 October 2015) 2. Which of the following is a reactant in the first step of gluconeogenesis? a. carbon dioxide b. GTP c. glucose d. phosphoenolpyruvate 3. Which of the following substances are participants in the reactions encompassed by the Cori cycle? a. pyruvate and acetyl CoA b. pyruvate and lactate c. lactate and acetyl CoA d. pyruvate, lactate and acetyl CoA 4. Assign each of the reaction characterizations to one of the metabolic pathways listed in the responses. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all. a) gluconeogenesis b) glycogenesis c) glycogenolysis d) glycolysis 4a Fructose 6-phosphate is the product formed in the second step of this process. ANS: 4b. Formation of UDP-glucose is part of this process. ANS: © Endeavour College of Natural Health Last Updated on 6-Feb-14 5aebbe8c77654be5b78742418fe05b2e Page 1 of 3 4c. Oxaloacetate is the product formed in the first step of this process. ANS: 4d. Two trioses combine to form fructose 1,6-bisphosphate as part of this process. ANS: 4e. Glucose 6-phosphate is converted to glucose 1-phosphate as part of this process. ANS: 5. a) b) Explain how gluconeogenesis is different from glycolysis. Identify the irreversible steps in glycolysis and explain how they are different in gluconeogenesis. c) How is glucagon involved 6 Learn the citric acid cycle from the text book and the power point slides. a) Practice writing an overview of the cycle with the names of the reactants, products and the enzymes and coenzymes involved. b) Then discuss the importance of reduced coenzymes (NADH and FADH2) that are formed in certain steps - and how they are used to produce energy in the form of ATP. 7 Answer these questions a. Where in the cell does the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) occur b. Name three other substrates that we can catabolize to produce acetyl CoA? © Endeavour College of Natural Health Last Updated on 6-Feb-14 5aebbe8c77654be5b78742418fe05b2e Page 2 of 3 STUDENTS TO NOTE NADH from glycolysis cannot get easily through into the mitochondria and needs to use a shuttle system, losing some energy in the process. However there are 2 different shuttle systems, glycerol phosphate shuttle (1.5 ATP) and malate-aspartate shuttle (2.5 ATP) Pyruvate oxidation occurs in the inner membrane of mitochondrion, so 2.5 is used as the multiplier Total ATP from Glucose Substrate level phosphorylation ATP Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle (2x1) 2 2 Oxidative Phosphorylation Glycolysis 2 NADH x 1.5 (2.5)** Pyruvate (2x1) 2 NADH x 2.5 CAC (2x3) 6 NADH x 2.5 CAC (2x1) 2 FADH2 x 1.5 3 (5) 5 15 3 TOTAL ATP per mole of Glucose: 30/32 ** depends on shuttle compound) © Endeavour College of Natural Health Last Updated on 6-Feb-14 5aebbe8c77654be5b78742418fe05b2e Page 3 of 3