* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 14–3 Human Molecular Genetics
DNA profiling wikipedia , lookup
Whole genome sequencing wikipedia , lookup
Mitochondrial DNA wikipedia , lookup
Comparative genomic hybridization wikipedia , lookup
DNA damage theory of aging wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Bisulfite sequencing wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Zinc finger nuclease wikipedia , lookup
DNA vaccination wikipedia , lookup
Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids wikipedia , lookup
No-SCAR (Scarless Cas9 Assisted Recombineering) Genome Editing wikipedia , lookup
Human–animal hybrid wikipedia , lookup
Human genetic variation wikipedia , lookup
Metagenomics wikipedia , lookup
Gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
DNA supercoil wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid double helix wikipedia , lookup
Epigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Genealogical DNA test wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom National DNA Database wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Genomic library wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Cell-free fetal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Microsatellite wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
Human genome wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Medical genetics wikipedia , lookup
Human Genome Project wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Helitron (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Genome editing wikipedia , lookup
14–3 Human Molecular 14-3 Human Molecular Genetics Genetics Slide 1 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 14–3 Human Molecular Genetics Human DNA Analysis Human DNA Analysis There are roughly 6 billion base pairs in your DNA. Biologists search the human genome using sequences of DNA bases. Slide 2 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 14–3 Human Molecular Genetics Human DNA Analysis Genetic tests are available for hundreds of disorders. DNA testing can pinpoint the exact genetic basis of a disorder. Slide 3 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 14–3 Human Molecular Genetics Human DNA Analysis DNA Fingerprinting DNA fingerprinting analyzes sections of DNA that have little or no known function but vary widely from one individual to another. Only identical twins are genetically identical. DNA samples can be obtained from blood, sperm, and hair strands with tissue at the base. Slide 4 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 14–3 Human Molecular Genetics Human DNA Analysis Chromosomes contain large amounts of DNA called repeats that do not code for proteins. This DNA pattern varies from person to person. Slide 5 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 14–3 Human Molecular Genetics Human DNA Analysis Restriction enzymes are used to cut the DNA into fragments containing genes and repeats. Slide 6 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 14–3 Human Molecular Genetics Human DNA Analysis DNA fragments are separated using gel electrophoresis. Fragments containing repeats are labeled. This produces a series of bands—the DNA fingerprint. Slide 7 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 14–3 Human Molecular Genetics Human DNA Analysis DNA Fingerprint Slide 8 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 14–3 Human Molecular Genetics RFLP / electrophoresis use in forensics 1st case successfully using DNA evidence 1987 rape case convicting Tommie Lee Andrews “standard” semen sample from rapist blood sample from suspect “standard” “standard” semen sample from rapist blood sample from suspect “standard” Slide 9 of 24 14–3 Human Molecular Genetics Electrophoresis use in forensic Evidence from murder trial Do you think suspect is guilty? blood sample 1 from crime scene blood sample 2 from crime scene blood sample 3 from crime scene “standard” blood sample from suspect OJ Simpson blood sample from victim 1 N Brown blood sample from victim 2 R Goldman “standard” Slide 10 of 24 14–3 Human Molecular Genetics The Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project What is the goal of the Human Genome Project? Slide 11 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 14–3 Human Molecular Genetics The Human Genome Project In 1990, scientists in the United States and other countries began the Human Genome Project. The Human Genome Project is an ongoing effort to analyze the human DNA sequence. In June 2000, a working copy of the human genome was essentially complete. Slide 12 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 14–3 Human Molecular Genetics The Human Genome Project Research groups are analyzing the DNA sequence, looking for genes that may provide clues to the basic properties of life. Biotechnology companies are looking for information that may help develop new drugs and treatments for diseases. Slide 13 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 14–3 Human Molecular Genetics The Human Genome Project A Breakthrough for Everyone Data from publicly supported research on the human genome have been posted on the Internet on a daily basis. You can read and analyze the latest genome data. Slide 14 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 14–3 Human Molecular Genetics Gene Therapy Gene Therapy What is gene therapy? In gene therapy, an absent or faulty gene is replaced by a normal, working gene. The body can then make the correct protein or enzyme, eliminating the cause of the disorder. Slide 15 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 14–3 Human Molecular Genetics Viruses are often used because of their ability to enter a cell’s DNA. Gene Therapy Normal hemoglobin gene Virus particles are modified so that they cannot cause disease. Genetically engineered virus Slide 16 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 14–3 Human Molecular Genetics Gene Therapy A DNA fragment containing a replacement gene is spliced to viral DNA. Bone marrow cell Nucleus Chromosomes Genetically engineered virus Slide 17 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 14–3 Human Molecular Genetics Gene Therapy The patient is then infected with the modified virus particles, which should carry the gene into cells to correct genetic defects. Slide 18 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall