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Transcript
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Organisms and Environments Prokaryo'c and Eukaryo'c Cells Part I: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Booklet All organisms are made of cells that are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. To determine the type, prokaryote or eukaryote, the level of organization within the cell is examined. You will create a Booklet to learn about and describe the similarities and differences shown by each type of cell. 1. Construct your booklet. 2. Cut along the dotted lines of the booklet distributed by your teacher. 3. Assemble the book using the page numbers in the bottom corners as a guide. Once it’s put together, the eukaryotic cell pages should be in order (pages 1 to 4). Flip the booklet over and the prokaryotic cell pages should be in order (pages 1 to 4). 4. Stop for a class discussion. 5. Color and then cut out the cell structures from the last page of the Teacher Printout: Booklet. Color the structures according to the key. Glue the cell structures on the cell models of each page 2 of your booklet. Use a toothpick to transfer and attach the small structures with glue. 6. Use the information found in Parts I and II of this Student Guide to complete page 3 of the booklet’s eukaryotic cell and page 3 of the booklet’s prokaryote cell. 7. Use the information found in Parts I and II of this Student Guide to complete the Venn diagram on the booklet’s center page. As you work on the booklet, remember that... Nucleus Eukaryotes HAVE a nucleus. Prokaryotes DO NOT HAVE a nucleus. Put the booklet together and complete it with information from this Student Guide. 1 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Organisms and Environments Part I: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Booklet, continued PROKARYOTIC CELL cell membrane EUKARYOTIC CELL cytoplasm cell membrane cytoplasm DNA • Both have cell membranes. The cell membrane controls the flow of materials in and out of the cell. • Both have cytoplasm. Cytoplasm is the jellylike substance that fills the cell. • Both have DNA. • Both need energy. Continue to complete the booklet using information from this Student Guide. 2 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Organisms and Environments Part I: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Booklet, continued PROKARYOTIC CELL Pro = “before”, karyon = “nucleus EUKARYOTIC CELL Eu = “true”, karyon = “nucleus” Bacterium Cell Animal Cell Plant Cell • Typically smaller • Typically larger • Less complex and less organized • More complex and more organized • Includes few cell structures • Has many cell structures including organelles such as a nucleus, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and vacuoles • Lacks membrane-bound nucleus – DNA is not enclosed in a membrane • Has nucleus – DNA is enclosed inside • Unicellular (single celled) organisms • Example organisms: bacteria, archaea, and cyanobacteria • Can be unicellular (single celled ) or multicellular (more than one celled) organisms • Example organisms: plants and animals Continue to complete the booklet using information from this Student Guide. 3 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Organisms and Environments Part II: A Closer Look at Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic Cells: Study this cell type’s characteristics to provide more detail in your booklet information and to complete the Student Journal. Bacterium Cell cell membrane controls the flow of materials in and out of the cell cytoplasm jellylike substance that fills the cell DNA genetic material flagella moves the cell ribosome makes proteins Characteristics of a prokaryotic cell: • Small – typically about 1/10th the size of a eukaryotic cell. • Simple and not well-organized, containing only a few cell structures that perform a specific function such as ribosomes. • Lacks membrane-bound nucleus – the DNA inside a prokaryotic cell is not enclosed within a membrane. • Unicellular organisms that are rods, spheres, or spirals in shape. • Bacteria are the most common examples of prokaryotic organisms. Continue to the next page of this Student Guide. 4 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Organisms and Environments Part II: A Closer Look at Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells, continued Eukaryotic Cells: Study this cell type’s characteristics to provide more detail in your booklet and to complete the Student Journal. Animal Cell Plant Cell cell membrane controls the flow of materials in and out of the cell vacuole fluid-filled sac that stores different materials mitochondria supply energy ribosome make proteins nucleus contains DNA endoplasmic reticulum moves materials to other cell structures cytoplasm jellylike substance that fills the cell cell wall outer layer of a plant cell chloroplast makes food for the plant Characteristics of a eukaryotic cell: • Large – typically about 10 times bigger than prokaryotic cells • Complex and well-organized, containing membrane-bound organelles that perform specific functions within the cell, such as the nucleus, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and vacuoles. • Has nucleus – DNA enclosed inside a membrane-bound nucleus. • Can be unicellular organisms or found in multi-cellular organism. • Plants and animals are examples of multi-celled eukaryotic organisms. Use your constructed booklet and this Student Guide to complete your Student Journal. 5