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Replication of DNA CHAPTER 12 SECTION 2 Semi-conservative replication DNA replicates by making a strand that is complementary to each original strand Semi-conservative Replication parental strands of DNA separate, serve as templates, and produce DNA molecules that have one strand parental DNA and one strand of new DNA Semi-conservative replication occurs in 3 main stages: unwinding, base pairing, and joining Unwinding DNA replication is carried out by a series of enzymes These enzymes break the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs leaving two separate strands As the helix unwinds, another enzyme called an RNA primer is attached on each DNA strand Each strand serves as a template for the attachment of complementary bases A strand that has the bases TACGTT produces a strand with complementary bases ATGCAA The result is 2 DNA molecules identical to each other and to the original molecule The principal enzyme involved in DNA replication is called DNA Polymerase DNA polymerase also “proofreads” each new DNA strand to check for mistakes Base Pairing DNA polymerase adds new DNA nucleotides to the chain by adding to the 3’ end of the new DNA strand 3’ strand is elongated as the DNA unwinds this is called the leading strand The other strand of DNA elongates away from the replication fork This strand is called the lagging strand It is synthesized discontinuously into small segments called Okazaki fragments Movie Clip http://glencoe.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0078802849/student_view0/unit3/c hapter12/concepts_in_motion.html Joining DNA replication can occur in many areas along the chromosome DNA polymerase come to an RNA primer it removes the primer and fills in the place with DNA nucleotides using a special ligase called DNA ligase DNA ligase repairing chromosomal damage.