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Transcript
Exploring the Cell Structure and Function Background Question What is an organelle? A specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell. Plant Cell Animal Cell Structures Found in Both Eukaryotic Plant and Animal Cells Cell Membrane Regulates what enters and leaves the cell (food in waste out) Made of a flexible lipid bilayer. Aids in protection and support. Nucleus and Nuclear Envelope Only in eukaryotes Information center of the cell (contains DNA). Directs all activities of the cell. Contains nuclear envelope (layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus), nucleolus (small, dense region in the nucleus where the assembly of proteins begins), and chromosomes. Cytoplasm Material inside the cell membrane Works with nucleus on the “business of life” Mitochondria Change chemical energy from food into compounds cells can use. Often called the “powerhouse” of the cell. Ribosomes Assembles proteins Small particles of RNA and protein Endoplasmic Reticulum Makes lipids for cell membranes. Modifies some proteins 2 types: Rough (has attached ribosomes) Smooth (no attached ribosomes) Golgi Apparatus Modifies, sorts, and packages, proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. Chromosomes Distinct threadlike structures Contain the DNA (genetic information) for the cell. Passed from one generation to the next Chromatin: DNA bound to protein Structures Found in Only Eukaryotic Plant Cells Cell Wall Provides support and protection Present in plants, algae, fungi, many prokaryotes Outside of cell membrane Made of carbohydrates and proteins Chloroplast Traps sunlight and convert it to chemical energy. Only in plant cells and algae. Structures That Appear/Function Differently in Plant and Animal Cells Vacuoles Saclike structures that store water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. In plants, provides support and quick growth. Animal cells have more than one small vacuole while plant cells have one large one.