Download Final Exam Review Sheet

Exam III / Final Exam Study Guide
Chapter 18
Know the biology of the Ti plasmid and the binary Ti plasmid system
Explain how the binary Ti plasmid system and the microprojectile bombardment
(biolistic) system is used to genetically engineer plants (i.e., know how to genetically
engineer plants for expression of your favorite gene)
What are reporter genes and how do they work?
Chapters 19 and 20
Know what genes have been genetically engineered in plants and what new traits they
confer as discussed in class
Be able to explain how to modify any given gene/cDNA for expression in plants (i.e.,
gene construction) and how to introduce it into plants
Know how to test plants for transgene insertion, gene expression, and protein production
Know the reasons for non-identical expression of foreign genes in genetically modified
plants
Chapter 21
Understand the use of microinjection and engineered stem cells in creating transgenic
animals
Understand how to make and select genetically engineered stem cells for gene knockouts
Know the Cre-loxP system for gene knockouts
Know the reasons for non-identical expression of foreign genes in genetically modified
organisms (GMOs)
Be familiar with the animal genetic engineering examples covered in class
Be able to explain mammalian cloning via nuclear transfer
Chapters 22
Understand how biotechnology is regulated
Chapters 23
Recognize the ethical issues resulting from biotechnology
Be able to express your personal views on this issues based on scientific information
Sample essay questions
1. Explain how you would go about creating a genetically engineered goat that expresses
human growth hormone in its milk?
2. Humans are now eating food from genetically modified organisms (GMOs),
particularly from plants. Give five examples in which you identify the genetically
engineered plant, the altered trait, and the gene construction responsible for this trait.
List any concerns that opponents have expressed with regard to the specific examples
you have selected.
3. Explain how you would produce a clone of yourself or a favorite mammalian pet.
The items below represent many key points from this course that you should know.
 Structural organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes
 Transcription and transcriptional regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
 Enhancers and how they work
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Restriction enzymes, DNA cloning, and cloning vectors
cDNA & genomic library production & screening; characterization of clones
Southern, northern, and western blotting
PCR methodology and applications (Reverse transcriptase-PCR, Real time-PCR)
Automated and manual methods of DNA sequencing, including pyrosequencing
Monoclonal antibody production and ELISAs
DNA fingerprinting (especially VNTRs and STRs)
Genetic engineering/expression of eukaryotic genes in prokaryotes and vice versa
Protein targeting sequences and their addition to genetically engineered genes
RNAi and other methods to eliminate specific RNAs
Human gene therapy (basic types, vectors involved, some examples)
Application of recombinant DNA technology to vaccine production (e.g., subunit
vaccines)
Use of the binary Ti plasmid system and microparticle bombardment (biolistic
method) in plant genetic engineering
Be familiar with the plant genetic engineering examples covered in class
Use of microinjection and engineered stem cells in creating transgenic animals
Making and selecting genetically engineered stem cells for gene knockouts
Cre-loxP system for gene knockouts
Reasons for non-identical expression of foreign genes in genetically modified
organisms (GMOs)
Be familiar with the animal genetic engineering examples covered in class
Mammalian cloning via nuclear transfer
Key points of the Human Genome Project (including human genome size, the two
approaches used to get the human genome sequence and ethical implications)
Be able to understand and design a microarray experiment
Know key points of the student presentations to answer multiple choice questions