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Chapter 4
Checkpoint Answers
Checkpoint 1
• In the reaction (H2O + CO2  H2CO3),
increasing the concentration of H2O would
A. decrease the concentration of H2CO3.
*B. increase the concentration of H2CO3.
C. increase the concentration of CO2.
D. have no effect on either CO2 or H2CO3
concentrations.
Checkpoint 2
1. Energy transformations result in a(n) ______________ in entropy.
*A. increase B. decrease C. no change
2. Oxidizing agents accept electrons from molecules undergoing
reduction. (T)
3. A reducing agent donates electrons to a molecule. (T)
4. Exergonic reactions proceed with the release of energy. (T)
5. A molecule that gains a hydrogen is also oxidized. (F)
6. Chemically reduced FAD has __________ extra hydrogen atom(s) bound
to it. A. one *B. two C. three D. no
7. Oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) has ______________
two hydrogens.
*A. lost B. gained C. shared
Chapter 5
Checkpoint Answers
Checkpoint 1
• 1. ______________ is the opposite of glycogenesis.
A. Glycolysis
B. Glyconeogenesis
*C. Glycogenolysis
D. Gluconeogenesis
• 2. Glucose formed from amino acids comes from the process of
glycogenolysis. (F)
• 3. The Cori cycle involves formation of glucose made by gluconeogenesis
in the liver from lactic acid produced by fermentation in skeletal
muscles. (T)
Checkpoint 2
•
1. In glycolysis, glucose is converted to glycogen. (F)
•
2. Glycolysis converts glucose into two ______________ molecules.
A. glycogen B. lactic acid C. acetyl CoA *D. pyruvic acid
•
3. Acetyl CoA and NAD are the end-products of the Krebs Cycle. (F)
•
4. Each turn of the Krebs cycle produces
A. 2 FADH2, 1 ATP, and 3 NADH.
*B. 1 FADH2, 1 ATP, and 3 NADH.
C. 3 FADH2, 2 ATP, and 1 NADH.
D. 1 FADH2, 3 ATP, and 2 NADH
•
5. The actual yield of ATP from 1 glucose is
A. 18-20 ATP.
B. 36-38 ATP.
*C. 30-32 ATP.
D. 26-28 ATP.
Checkpoint 3
•
1. Which of the following can undergo metabolic conversion to acetyl CoA and
enter the Krebs cycle?
A. glucose
B. fatty acids
C. protein
*D. All of these choices are correct.
•
2. The majority of energy within the body is stored as triglycerides. (T)
•
3. Acetyl CoA
A. can enter the Krebs cycle.
B. can reversibly form ketone bodies.
C. can directly form pyruvic acid.
*D. Both can enter the Krebs cycle and can reversibly form ketone bodies.
•
4. How many amino acids are essential for an adult?
*A. eight B. nine C. ten D. twelve
Chapter 6
Checkpoint Answers
Checkpoint 1
• 1. The majority of water within the body is found in the
*A. intracellular compartment.
B. extracellular compartment.
C. blood plasma.
D. interstitial fluid.
• 2. The extracellular matrix is made up of collagen, elastin, and a gel-like
ground substance. (T)
• 3. Active transport does not require the expenditure of energy. (F)
• 4. Proteins that extend from the cytoskeleton within the cell, through the
plasma membrane, and into the extracellular matrix are
A. lysosomal proteins.
B. metallo proteins.
C. receptor proteins.
*D. integrin proteins.
Checkpoint 2
• 1. Passive transport of water is known as
A. filtration.
*B. osmosis.
C. facilitated diffusion.
D. a water pump.
• 2. Dialysis uses the process of
A. facilitated diffusion.
*C. simple diffusion.
B. primary active transport.
D. secondary active transport.
• 3. The rate of diffusion increases as the concentration gradient
increases. (T)
• 4. What type of intravenous fluid would be given to reduce edema?
*A. hypertonic
B. isotonic
C. hypotonic
• 5. Explain the difference between osmolarity and osmolality. (read full
explanation in your testbook)
Checkpoint 3
• 1. Protein carrier mediated transport of molecules display
A. specificity.
B. competition.
C. saturation.
*D. All of these choices are correct.
• 2. Glucose can enter into the cell by facilitated diffusion or
countertransport. (F; fasc. diff or cotransport)
• 3. Active transport carriers are also called
A. vesicles.
B. channels.
*C. pumps.
D. receptors.
• 4. What type of functional complex will prohibit paracellular transport?
*A. tight junctions
B. adherens junctions
C. desmosomes
D. gap junctions
• 5. Movement of large molecules into a cell is called
A. endocytosis.
B. exocytosis.
C. bulk transport.
*D. Both A and C are correct.
Checkpoint 4
• 1. The charge difference across a membrane produces the membrane
potential. (T)
• 2. The resting membrane potential is closest to the equilibrium potential
for
A. sodium ions.
B. chloride ions.
C. calcium ions.
*D. potassium ions.
• 3. Hyperkalemia would ____________ the resting membrane potential of
the cell.
A. increase
* B. decrease
C. have no effect on
• 4. A change in the concentration of any ion inside or outside the cell will
change the resting potential. (T)
Checkpoint 5
• 1. Which of the following is NOT a general category of cell signaling
molecules?
A. endocrine signaling
*B. enzymatic signaling
C. paracrine signaling
D. synaptic signaling
• 2. Which of the following is NOT true of cyclic AMP?
*A. It is found on the outside of a plasma membrane.
B. It is a second messenger for polar regulatory molecules.
C. It is made from ATP.
D. It activates enzymes inside a cell to produce the desired effect.
• 3. Where is the receptor for a nonpolar, lipid-soluble regulatory molecule?
A. embedded in the outer surface of the plasma membrane
B. embedded in the inner surface of the plasma membrane
*C. in the cytoplasm or nucleus of the cell
D. All of the choices are correct.