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Biology 2121 Independent Notes – Cell Transport I. Passive vs. Active Transport (1). Some things to remember: Passive transport o No energy required o Movement from high to lower concentration areas o Examples include simple diffusion; osmosis and facilitated diffusion o Facilitated diffusion requires a protein carrier or channel Active transport o Energy in the form of ATP is required o Movement from low to high areas of concentration o Examples are: 1. Primary active transport Phosphorylation occurs (from ATP hydrolysis)- to transport protein allowing it to change shape Na+K+ pump is an example (page 76) 2. Secondary active transport Single ATP pump or primary pump can drive this type of active transport As sodium is moved across its concentration gradient, energy is stored in the ion gradient As Na flows back across, energy released allowing for the movement of other particles For example on page 77 glucose is dragged along with sodium Vesicular Transport o Movement of very large particles, macromolecules and large amounts of fluid o Substances move via vesicles (pinched off parts of the membrane (78-79) o Examples are: 1. Endocytosis Substance taken in and the membrane folds around it (‘coated pit’); clathrin is the protein coating on the face of the vesicle – cytoplasm side; inside fuses with a endosome which may fuse with a lysosome; recycled to the plasma membrane, or released on the opposite side via exocytosis Examples: lymphocytes (phagocytosis) destroy bacteria and other microscopic pathogens 2. Exocytosis Anything produced by the cell (hormone, NT, wastes) to be secreted Transmembrane proteins called V-Snares dock with plasma membrane SNARES and form the vescicle