Download SBI4U_1-1_Organelles 5744KB Oct 19 2016 11:56:53 AM

CellStructure
andOrganelles
SBI4U—2016/10/14
Insidethecell
Thesearegeneralizations,notrules!
Everythinginsidethecellmembranebesidesthe
nucleusiscalledthecytoplasm;
◦ Theliquidisknownascytosol.
Source:http://www.yourgenome.org/
PlantvsAnimalCells
Plant
Chloroplast
Centralvacuole
Cellwall
Animal
Lysosomes
Manysmallvesicles
Nucleus
ContainsandreplicatesDNA(geneticinformation):
◦ DNAisstoredaschromatinand,duringreplication,as
chromosomes.
Hasitsownmembrane,thenuclearenvelope:
◦ Theenvelopehasnuclearporeswhichregulatenutrientand
macromoleculemovement.
Thedensestpartofthenucleusiscalledthenucleolus,
whichisusedtosynthesizeribosomes;
Therestofthenucleusisfilledwithnucleoplasm.
Source:http://0.tqn.com/
Mitochondria
Themitochondriabreaksdowncertainmoleculestorelease
energy;
Hasasmoothexternalmembrane,butafoldedinner
membrane;
Alsoplaysaroleinregulatingapoptosis(self-destruction);
MitochondriahassomeDNAofitsown!
Source:https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/
Chloroplast
Permitscellstoconductphotosynthesis;
Lightisabsorbedbythephotosyntheticpigment
chlorophyll:
◦ Thislighthelpsconvertwaterandcarbondioxideintohigh
energymolecules.
Thechlorophylliscontainedinthemembranesofdiskshapedthylakoids:
◦ Astackofthylakoidsformsagranum.
Notfoundinanimalcells(butratherplantandalgalcells).
Source:http://images.tutorvista.com/
Whichismoreimportant?
Nucleus,mitochondriaorchloroplast?
Endoplasmicreticulum
Partoftheendomembranesystem;
Twotypesofendoplasmicreticulum(ER),rough&smooth;
RoughERcontainsribosomes:
◦ Itisattachedtothenucleus;
◦ Itsynthesizesproteins(forthemembraneorexport).
SmoothERdoesnotcontainribosomes:
◦ Itsynthesizeslipids;
◦ Alsoprovidesotherservices,suchasdetoxingalcohol.
Source:http://image.tutorvista.com/
Golgiapparatus
Partoftheendomembranesystem;
Newproteinsandlipidsaretransportedfromtheroughand
smoothERtotheGolgiapparatus
TheGolgiapparatussorts,packsanddistributesthese
proteinsandlipids;
Also,theGolgiapparatusproduceslysosomes.
Source:https://media1.britannica.com
Endomembranesystem
Nuclearenvelope;
Endoplasmicreticulum:
◦ Rough;
◦ Smooth.
Golgiapparatus;
Vesicles.
Source:https://qph.ec.quoracdn.net/ &Texbook p.61
Lysosomesandperoxisomes
Lysosomesandperoxisomesbreakdownlarge,harmfuland
uselessmolecules;
Theyperformsimilarfunctionsbutthroughdifferent
processesandondifferentmolecules;
Lysosomesarenotfoundinplantcells.
Source:http://www.gridgit.com/
Vesiclesandvacuoles
Vesiclesaresacsusedtostoreandtransportnutrients
throughoutthecell;
◦ E.g.TransportformtheERtotheGolgiapparatus
Vacuolesareverylargesacsandreplacemanysmall
vesicles;
Vacuolesarenotfoundinanimalcells.
Source:http://waynesword.palomar.edu
Cytoskeletonandcellwall
Thecytoskeletonisanetworkoffilamentsandother
anchorsthatgivestructuretothecellanditsorganelles;
Acellwalliscomposedofcelluloseandgivethecellrigidity;
Thecellwallisnotfoundinanimalcells.
Source:http://plantcellcrk.weebly.com/
Ciliaandflagella
Ciliaandflagellaareappendagesthatextendoutside
ofthecell;
Flagellaarefewandlong,generallyusedfor
movement;
Ciliaareshortandmany,usedforavarietyofphysical
tasks.
Source:http://www.microbiologyinfo.com
PartsoftheCell
Nucleus
Contains DNA
Mitochondria
Converts certainmoleculesintousableenergy
Chloroplasts
Absorbs lightenergy,conductsphotosynthesis
Endoplasmic reticulum
Partofproteinandlipidsynthesis
Golgiapparatus
Processes proteinsandlipids
Vesiclesandvacuoles
Storage andtransportofresources(alsoprovidesstructure,inplants)
Lysosomesandperoxisomes
Breakdownmolecules
Cytoskeletonandcellwall
Provides structure
Ciliaandflagella
Mobilityand otherphysicalfunctions
Activity:____islike…
Nucleus
Contains DNA
Mitochondria
Converts certainmoleculesintousableenergy
Chloroplasts
Absorbs lightenergy,conductsphotosynthesis
Endoplasmic reticulum
Partofproteinandlipidsynthesis
Golgiapparatus
Processes proteinsandlipids
Vesiclesandvacuoles
Storage andtransportofresources(alsoprovidesstructure,inplants)
Lysosomesandperoxisomes
Breakdownmolecules
Cytoskeletonand cellwall
Provides structure
Ciliaandflagella
Mobilityand otherphysicalfunctions